Metallic composites represent a vital class of materials that has gained increased attention in crude oil processing as well as the production of biofuel from other sources in recent times. Several catalytic materials have been reported in the literature for catalytic cracking, particularly, of crude oil. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal–matrix composites (MMCs), and catalytic support materials, to bridge information gaps toward sustainable advancement in catalysis for petrochemical processes. There is an increase in industrial and environmental concern emanating from the sulphur levels of oils, hence the need to develop more efficient catalysts in the hydrotreatment (HDS and HDN) processes, and combating the challenge of catalyst poisoning and deactivation; in a bid to improving the overall quality of oils and sustainable use of catalyst. Structural improvement, high thermal stability, enhanced cracking potential, and environmental sustainability represent the various benefits accrued to the use of metallic composites as opposed to conventional catalysts employed in catalytic cracking processes.

金属复合材料是一类重要的材料，近年来在原油加工以及其他来源的生物燃料生产中受到越来越多的关注。文献中已经报道了用于催化裂化，特别是原油催化裂化的几种催化材料。本综述旨在全面概述现有和新兴的方法/技术，例如金属有机框架（MOF）、金属基复合材料（MMC）和催化支撑材料，以弥合信息差距，实现石化过程催化的可持续发展。油品中的硫含量日益引起工业和环境问题，因此需要在加氢处理（HDS 和 HDN）工艺中开发更高效的催化剂，并应对催化剂中毒和失活的挑战；以期提高油品的整体质量和催化剂的可持续利用。与催化裂化过程中使用的传统催化剂相比，结构改进、高热稳定性、增强的裂化潜力和环境可持续性代表了使用金属复合材料所带来的各种好处。