Graphene oxide/nano-hydroxyapatite (GO/nHAP) composites were synthesized by simultaneous titration method. The GO powder was uniformly dispersed ultrasonically in a solution containing Ca(NO₃)₂. It was co-titrated with (NH₄)₂HPO₄, during which NH₃·H₂O was used to maintain pH of about 10. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that HAP had a drusy acicular crystal structure with 100–200 nm length in the composite. The Ca²⁺ ions were attracted by the negatively charged oxygen functional groups present on GO sheets. They also oriented the growth of hydroxyapatite preferentially along (112) plane, which was also consistent with X-ray diffractometry (XRD) results. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) results, the peak intensities of the C–O and C–C groups increased in the GO/nHAP composite. However, the number of –COO– and C–O–C groups was reduced as well as the position of peaks shifted due to electrostatic interactions. These results were also corroborated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). MTT assay indicated that GO/nHAP composites had a significant effect on proliferation of 293T cells and good biomimetic mineralization as shown by in vitro bioactivity assays. EDS spectroscopy confirmed that the Ca/P ratio in calcium phosphate deposits was 1.62, which was close to the ratio of 1.64 in natural bone. The biological performance of GO/nHAP composite proved it to be a promising candidate for bone regeneration and implantation.

通过同时滴定法合成了氧化石墨烯/纳米羟基磷灰石（GO / nHAP）复合材料。将GO粉末超声均匀地分散在包含Ca（NO ₃）₂的溶液中。它与（NH ₄）₂ HPO ₄共同滴定，在此期间使用NH ₃ ·H ₂ O维持pH约10。透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示HAP具有100-200的针状晶体结构复合材料中的nm长度。Ca ²⁺离子被GO板上存在的带负电的氧官能团所吸引。他们还优先沿着（112）平面定向了羟基磷灰石的生长，这也与X射线衍射（XRD）结果一致。根据X射线光电子能谱（XPS）的结果，GO / nHAP复合物中C–O和C–C组的峰强度增加。但是，由于静电相互作用，–COO–和C–OC–C组的数量减少，并且峰的位置发生了变化。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）也证实了这些结果。MTT测定表明，GO / nHAP复合物对293T细胞的增殖和良好的仿生矿化具有显着的作用，如体外生物活性测定所示。EDS光谱证实，磷酸钙沉积物中的Ca / P比为1.62，接近天然骨中的1.64。GO / nHAP复合材料的生物学性能证明它是骨再生和植入的有希望的候选者。