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Long-term growth of three sympatric Dryopteris fern species shows the accumulation of climatic effects over 2 years because of organ preformation
Climatic Change ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10584-021-02967-8
Kai Rünk , Kristjan Zobel , Jaan Liira

We hypothesized that yearly response of plant growth to seasonal weather conditions would provide insight into the biogeographic status of three closely related and sympatric Dryopteris fern species and elucidate their potential future performance in conditions of climate change. In a 9-year experiment, we surveyed the yearly performance of 108 ex situ pre-grown sporophytes of D. carthusiana , D. dilatata, and D. expansa in six forests in Estonia. We used multi-factorial models to assess species-specific responses of frond traits and population parameters to seasonal temperature, precipitation, and snow cover, and also considered the effects of continentality and overstory density. Frond length was highly limited by plant age, and even the 11-year-old plants did not reach their mature size. The number of fronds stabilized already in the first few years. Climate effects on leaf traits accumulated over 2 years, as their growth benefited from the abundant precipitation during two growing seasons and the presence of dry cold winters. Milder climate near the coast and semi-open overstory provided some extra support for the growth. Species-specific effects were rare. The species’ responses to habitat and climate effects only partly mirrored their present biogeographic distribution. Evidently, possible effects of climate change might go unnoticed for decades in these ferns since it would be mitigated by (1) their slow ontogenesis, (2) organ preformation during preceding year(s), and (3) region-specific and habitat-specific effects of environmental conditions.

中文翻译:

三种同域蕨类植物的长期生长表明,由于器官预形成,气候效应在 2 年内累积

我们假设植物生长对季节性天气条件的年度响应将提供对三种密切相关的同域蕨类植物的生物地理状况的洞察,并阐明它们在气候变化条件下的潜在未来表现。在为期 9 年的实验中,我们调查了爱沙尼亚 6 个森林中 108 种异地预生长孢子体 D. carthusiana、D. dilatata 和 D. expanda 的年度表现。我们使用多因素模型来评估叶状特征和种群参数对季节性温度、降水和积雪的物种特异性响应,并考虑了大陆性和覆盖层密度的影响。叶子的长度受到植物年龄的高度限制,即使是 11 岁的植物也没有达到成熟的大小。在最初的几年里,叶子的数量已经稳定下来。气候对叶片性状的影响累积超过 2 年,因为它们的生长受益于两个生长季节的丰富降水和干燥寒冷的冬季。靠近海岸的温和气候和半开放的覆盖层为生长提供了一些额外的支持。物种特异性影响很少见。该物种对栖息地和气候影响的反应仅部分反映了它们目前的生物地理分布。显然,气候变化对这些蕨类植物的可能影响可能会在几十年内被忽视,因为它会通过(1)它们缓慢的个体发育,(2)前几年的器官预形成,以及(3)特定区域和栖息地——环境条件的具体影响。因为它们的生长得益于两个生长季节的丰富降水和干燥寒冷的冬季。靠近海岸的温和气候和半开放的覆盖层为生长提供了一些额外的支持。物种特异性影响很少见。该物种对栖息地和气候影响的反应仅部分反映了它们目前的生物地理分布。显然,气候变化对这些蕨类植物的可能影响可能会在几十年内被忽视,因为它会通过(1)它们缓慢的个体发育,(2)前几年的器官预形成,以及(3)特定区域和栖息地——环境条件的具体影响。因为它们的生长得益于两个生长季节的丰富降水和干燥寒冷的冬季。靠近海岸的温和气候和半开放的覆盖层为生长提供了一些额外的支持。物种特异性影响很少见。该物种对栖息地和气候影响的反应仅部分反映了它们目前的生物地理分布。显然,气候变化对这些蕨类植物的可能影响可能会在几十年内被忽视,因为它会通过(1)它们缓慢的个体发育,(2)前几年的器官预形成,以及(3)特定区域和栖息地——环境条件的具体影响。物种特异性影响很少见。该物种对栖息地和气候影响的反应仅部分反映了它们目前的生物地理分布。显然,气候变化对这些蕨类植物的可能影响可能会在几十年内被忽视,因为它会通过(1)它们缓慢的个体发育,(2)前几年的器官预形成,以及(3)特定区域和栖息地——环境条件的具体影响。物种特异性影响很少见。该物种对栖息地和气候影响的反应仅部分反映了它们目前的生物地理分布。显然,气候变化的可能影响在这些蕨类植物中可能会被忽视数十年,因为(1)它们缓慢的个体发育,(2)前几年的器官预形成,以及(3)特定区域和栖息地——环境条件的具体影响。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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