As the impacts of climate change on human society accelerate, coastal communities are vulnerable to changing environmental conditions. The capacity of communities and households to respond to these changes (i.e., their adaptive capacity) will determine the impacts of climate and co-occurring stressors. To date, empirical evidence linking theoretical measures of adaptive capacity to community and household responses remains limited. Here, we conduct a global meta-analysis examining how metrics of adaptive capacity translate to human responses to change (Adapt, React, Cope response) in 22 small-scale fishing case studies from 20 countries ( n = 191 responses). Using both thematic and qualitative comparative analysis, we evaluate how responses to climate, environmental, and social change were influenced by domains of adaptive capacity. Our findings show that adaptive responses at the community level only occurred in situations where the community had Access to Assets, in combination with other domains including Diversity and Flexibility, Learning and Knowledge, and Natural Capital. In contrast, Access to Assets was nonessential for adaptive responses at the household level. Adaptive households demonstrated Diversity and Flexibility when supported by strong Governance or Institutions and were often able to substitute Learning and Knowledge and Natural Capital with one another. Standardized metrics of adaptive capacity are essential to designing effective policies promoting resilience in natural resource-dependent communities and understanding how social and ecological aspects of communities interact to influence responses. Our framework describes how small-scale fishing communities and households respond to environmental changes and can inform policies that support vulnerable populations.

中文翻译：

---

适应能力如何影响对气候影响的适应、反应、应对反应：来自小规模渔业的见解

随着气候变化对人类社会的影响加速，沿海社区容易受到不断变化的环境条件的影响。社区和家庭应对这些变化的能力（即他们的适应能力）将决定气候和同时发生的压力源的影响。迄今为止，将适应能力的理论测量与社区和家庭反应联系起来的经验证据仍然有限。在这里，我们在来自 20 个国家的 22 个小规模渔业案例研究（n = 191 个响应）中进行了一项全球荟萃分析，研究了适应能力指标如何转化为人类对变化的反应（适应、反应、应对响应）。使用主题和定性比较分析，我们评估了对气候、环境和社会变化的反应如何受到适应能力领域的影响。我们的研究结果表明，社区层面的适应性反应仅发生在社区能够获得资产的情况下，并结合其他领域，包括多样性和灵活性、学习和知识以及自然资本。相比之下，获得资产对于家庭层面的适应性反应来说并不是必不可少的。适应性家庭在强有力的治理或机构的支持下表现出多样性和灵活性，并且通常能够相互替代学习、知识和自然资本。适应能力的标准化指标对于设计促进依赖自然资源的社区的复原力的有效政策以及了解社区的社会和生态方面如何相互作用以影响响应至关重要。