The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) permits state parties to establish an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) 200 nautical miles from their coast. Coastal states have exclusive jurisdiction over resources within the EEZ, but navigational and other high seas freedoms continue to exist. A significant number of states have, however, enacted legislation that departs from the LOSC, interfering with the navigational rights and freedoms of other states. This article analzses this development with a specific focus on the Arctic. It investigates the powers of Arctic coastal states to regulate shipping in the EEZ and thereby navigation in the Arctic Ocean. It adds to the existing literature by providing an analysis of state practice, suggesting that despite uncertainty concerning the interpretation of the LOSC Article 234 and the right to exercise legislative jurisdiction over ice-covered waters, a not insignificant number of states have claimed jurisdiction in their own EEZ beyond the rights granted in the LOSC, and are therefore not in a position to object to extensive jurisdictional claims in the Arctic.

《联合国海洋法公约》（LOSC）允许缔约国在距海岸200海里处建立专属经济区（EEZ）。沿海国家对专属经济区内的资源拥有专属管辖权，但是航行自由和其他公海自由继续存在。但是，许多州颁布了背离LOSC的法规，干扰了其他州的航行权和自由。本文以北极为重点，分析了这一发展。它研究了北极沿海国家调节专属经济区中的运输并进而在北冰洋航行的权力。通过对国家实践的分析，它增加了现有文献，