Amid widespread agreement that public mass violence is generally the result of understandable and often discoverable thoughts and behaviors, the threat assessment model of identifying, assessing, and managing potential offenders has proven an effective safety approach across different offender types. In this article I describe two impediments to the model's efficacy – incomplete national adoption of the model, and the disinclination of some bystanders to report concerning behaviors potentially related to public mass violence. I propose addressing the first of these obstacles by encouraging use of dissemination and implementation science, and the second by extending emerging application of social norms concepts. Each approach leverages the strength of existing (and developing) threat assessment strategies and highlights potentially productive areas for research and policy innovation.

中文翻译：

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关注与犯罪之间的空间

在广泛的共识中，公共大规模暴力通常是可理解且经常可发现的思想和行为的结果，识别，评估和管理潜在犯罪者的威胁评估模型已被证明可有效应对各种类型的犯罪者。在本文中，我描述了该模型有效性的两个障碍-国家对该模型的不完全采用，以及一些旁观者不愿报告有关与公共大规模暴力有关的行为。我建议通过鼓励使用传播和实施科学来解决这些障碍中的第一个问题，并通过扩展对社会规范概念的新兴应用来解决第二个障碍。