ABSTRACT

This one-year follow-up study among 1,421 male nurses from seven European countries tested the validity of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model in predicting prospective vital exhaustion and work-home interference. We hypothesised that effort and lack of reward would have both main and interactive effects on future outcomes. Results of structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that effort was positively related to exhaustion and work-home interference, both simultaneously and over time. Lack of reward predicted increased exhaustion at follow-up, but effort-reward imbalance did not influence the outcomes. Additionally, Time 1 exhaustion predicted increased work-home interference and exhaustion at follow-up. These results do not support the ERI model, which postulates a primacy of effort-reward imbalance over main effects. Instead, the findings are in line with dual path models of job stress and work-home interference. Multi-group SEM showed partial cross-cultural metric invariance for the ERI measure of effort, but the ERI measure of rewards showed no metric measurement invariance, indicating its meaning is qualitatively different across cultures. Nevertheless, the main conclusions were markedly similar for each national sub-sample. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study.

摘要

这项来自七个欧洲国家的1,421名男护士进行的为期一年的跟踪研究检验了工作量-报酬失衡（ERI）模型在预测预期的重要体力消耗和工作场所干扰方面的有效性。我们假设努力和缺乏奖赏将对未来的结果产生主要和互动的影响。结构方程模型（SEM）的结果表明，努力与疲劳和工作场所干扰同时且随着时间的推移呈正相关。缺乏报酬预示着后续的疲惫会增加，但是努力与报酬的不平衡并没有影响结果。此外，时间1的衰竭预计在随访中会增加工作场所的干扰和疲劳。这些结果不支持ERI模型，该模型假定工作奖励与主要效果之间存在不平衡。相反，研究结果与工作压力和工作场所干扰的双重路径模型一致。多组SEM显示ERI努力量度的部分跨文化度量不变性，但ERI报酬度量值没有度量度量不变性，表明其含义在不同文化之间存在质的差异。但是，每个国家子样本的主要结论都非常相似。我们讨论了我们研究的理论和实践意义。