Abstract

We test the hypothesis that law enforcement agencies that have a larger share of female officers should experience lower rates of police use of deadly force. We use the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics 2013 survey of police and sheriff departments (N = 1,983). We measure police-involved violence as the number of civilians killed by law enforcement officers from 2013 through 2015 as reported by the website Mapping Police Violence. Using a variety of empirical estimators to take into consideration the structure of the distribution of police-caused deaths, we find consistent results that a higher share of female officers is associated with a higher likelihood of police-caused deaths. These results are consistent with prior findings within the literature and implies that in order to “fit in” with their male counterparts female officers will use coercive tactics to the same extent.

摘要

我们检验了以下假设：在女性官员中占较大比例的执法机构应减少警察使用致命武力的比率。我们使用2013年警察和警长部门的执法管理和行政统计调查（N = 1,983）。根据Maping Police Violence网站绘制的数据，我们衡量了2013年至2015年被执法人员杀害的平民人数，其中涉及警察的暴力行为。使用各种经验估计量来考虑警察造成的死亡分布的结构，我们发现一致的结果是，女警官比例越高，警察造成的死亡可能性就越高。这些结果与文献中的先前发现是一致的，并且意味着为了与男性同行“相适应”，女性军官将在相同程度上使用强制战术。