Urban sociologists and gentrification scholars have long been interested in examining the combination of structural and micro–level forces that result in the displacement and exclusion of low–income residents from changing neighborhoods. However, the types of everyday activities and the social and spatial practices that exclude residents who remain in these neighborhoods are an understudied part of the gentrification story. How are exclusive spaces created? What are the specific social processes that lead to exclusive space? I draw on in–depth interviews and ethnographic fieldwork to examine how white residents in a historically black neighborhood claim space through their everyday actions and interactions. These space–claiming practices are at times subtle and at times overt, but often draw on a repertoire of physical, mental, and social practices that combine to create spaces that exclude black people—including long–term black residents, black gentrifiers, and black visitors to the neighborhood—from public space.

中文翻译：

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“巧克力城，安息吧”：华盛顿特区的白色空间要求和黑人的排斥

长期以来，城市社会学家和绅士化学者一直对研究导致低收入居民流离失所和被排斥在不断变化的社区之外的结构性和微观层面的力量的组合感兴趣。然而，排除留在这些社区的居民的日常活动类型以及社会和空间实践是高档化故事中未被充分研究的部分。专属空间是如何打造的？导致专属空间的具体社会过程是什么？我利用深度访谈和人种学实地调查研究历史上黑人社区的白人居民如何通过他们的日常行为和互动来主张空间。这些占用空间的做法有时是微妙的，有时是公开的，但通常会利用身体、心理、