Research on American secondary cities has largely focused on so–called “rust belt” cities and has found that they tend to have economic stagnation, racialization, and urban decay in their urban cores occurring after economic crises. Most urban research on Canadian cities has, by contrast, focused on the country's largest cities, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, and has found that urban cores are getting richer, less diverse, and undergoing infrastructural improvements. We examine each model by looking at four secondary Atlantic Canadian cities (Halifax, Moncton, St. John's, and Charlottetown) that all faced major economic crisis in the 1990s to see whether these models can explain the sociospatial changes occurring in them. Analysis of 1996 and 2006 Canadian Census data finds unlike “rust belt” cities or changes seen in larger Canadian cities, there is no clear sociospatial concentration of change. Rather, change is seen through “hot spots” of economic and physical characteristics of neighborhoods.

中文翻译：

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锈带或三城能否解释加拿大大西洋沿岸城市的社会空间变化？

对美国二级城市的研究主要集中在所谓的“锈带”城市，发现这些城市在经济危机后往往会出现经济停滞、种族化和城市核心区的城市衰败。相比之下，大多数关于加拿大城市的城市研究都集中在该国最大的城市多伦多、蒙特利尔和温哥华，并发现城市核心变得更加丰富、多样化并且正在进行基础设施改进。我们通过观察在 1990 年代都面临重大经济危机的四个加拿大大西洋沿岸二级城市（哈利法克斯、蒙克顿、圣约翰和夏洛特敦）来检查每个模型，以查看这些模型是否可以解释发生在其中的社会空间变化。对 1996 年和 2006 年加拿大人口普查数据的分析发现，与“锈带”城市或加拿大较大城市的变化不同，没有明显的社会空间集中变化。相反，变化是通过社区经济和物理特征的“热点”看到的。