Mediterranean style houses, mansions, and villas are found in elite enclaves around the world. There is a large literature on gated communities. However, the ubiquity of this Mediterranean style as a global and cross–cultural phenomenon has been underexamined. Enclaves in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and the Middle East often look the same suggesting the global commodification of this aesthetic ideal. Examining the Toskana Vadisi, or Tuscan Valley gated community in Istanbul, Turkey, this article argues such spaces represent global cultural processes, as well the habitus of transnational elites in aspiring global cities. Also, by focusing on a non–Western city, I am able to analyze how aesthetic ideals are linked to city–building, in an increasingly competitive world, where cities seek world–class status by developing amenities for transnational elites.

中文翻译：

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世界各地的地中海式封闭社区：建筑、全球化和跨国精英

地中海风格的房屋、豪宅和别墅遍布世界各地的精英飞地。有大量关于封闭社区的文献。然而，这种地中海风格作为一种全球性和跨文化现象的普遍存在并未得到充分研究。非洲、亚洲、美洲和中东的飞地通常看起来都一样，这表明这种审美理想正在全球商品化。本文考察了土耳其伊斯坦布尔的托斯卡纳瓦迪西 (Toskana Vadisi) 或托斯卡纳谷封闭社区，认为这些空间代表了全球文化进程，以及跨国精英在有抱负的全球城市中的习惯。此外，通过关注一个非西方城市，我能够分析审美理想如何与城市建设联系起来，在竞争日益激烈的世界中，