Since the early 2000s, the idea of “rights” for nature has gained increasing traction among environmental activists throughout the Americas. Drawing on a series of recent legal cases in the state of Pennsylvania, this article tracks the efforts of a U.S.‐based nongovernmental organization to use such rights in ongoing struggles against energy companies involved in natural gas extraction. The central argument is that, despite their considerable philosophical and practical difficulties, the rights of nature are being productively used as part of a grassroots movement of civil disobedience that aims to simultaneously challenge corporate personhood and reestablish the power of local communities to defend the rights of ecosystems within their jurisdictions. By explicitly juxtaposing the “rights” of nature with the “rights” of corporate persons, local communities facing the impacts of natural gas extraction are attempting not only to make substantive claims about the legal defensibility of nonhuman rights but also, just as importantly, to set precedents for the revocation of corporate personhood. Close attention to these arguments suggests ways of bringing together recent work on corporate personhood with theoretical insights drawn from political ontology.

中文翻译：

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挑战企业的“人格”：能源公司和非人类的“权利”

自2000年代初以来，在整个美洲，环境权主义者越来越重视对自然的“权利”。本文以宾夕法尼亚州最近发生的一系列法律案件为依据，追踪了一家美国非政府组织在与从事天然气开采的能源公司的持续斗争中使用此类权利的努力。中心论点是，尽管自然权在哲学和实践上有相当大的困难，但它们仍被有效地用作公民抗命的基层运动的一部分，该运动旨在同时挑战法人资格并重建当地社区捍卫人权的权利。其管辖范围内的生态系统。通过将自然的“权利”与法人的“权利”并列，面对天然气开采影响的当地社区不仅试图就非人权的法律辩护提出实质性主张，而且同样重要的是，为撤销公司人格树立了先例。对这些论点的密切关注提出了将企业人格方面的最新研究成果与从政治本体论中得出的理论见解结合在一起的方法。