Transnational policy transfer is a well‐documented phenomenon with studies from across many disciplines. However, the literature tends to over‐theorize but under‐operationalize what is transferred and how it is transferred. A significant issue in this regard concerns ‘agency’: that is, who is supplying and who is demanding policy lessons and examples. This paper highlights a relatively new concept in comparative policy studies, that of the ‘instrument constituency’, within the framework of transnational policymaking. It argues that instrument constituencies or groups of actors unified by their strong affinity with a specific policy tool are key agents in the transfer process, acting as suppliers and brokers of policy ideas, constantly searching to match their preferred solutions to policy problems. As this paper will show, incorporating such constituencies into policy transfer studies allows a better understanding of transfer as part of a sequential process of diffusion, and how knowledge about a policy instrument is assembled and transferred.

中文翻译：

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政策转移和工具选区：解释菲律宾采用有条件现金转移的情况

跨国政策转移是一个有据可查的现象，涉及许多学科。但是，文献倾向于对理论进行过分理论化，但对操作的内容以及如何进行的操作却操作不足。在这方面，一个重要的问题涉及“机构”：即谁在提供资源，谁在要求政策课程和实例。本文重点介绍了在跨国政策制定框架内比较政策研究中的一个相对较新的概念，即“工具选区”。它认为，通过与特定政策工具的强大亲和力而统一的工具选区或参与者团体，是转移过程中的关键代理，充当政策思想的供应商和经纪人，不断寻找与政策问题相匹配的首选解决方案。正如本文所显示的，