Abstract This article, argues that migrant workers’ social practices within the local contexts in which diverse actors (co-workers, relatives, employers, agents and officials) and factors (such as wages, victimisation, bereavement and remittance) interact, creates emotions, and affects on both sides of the border. The diverse social practices and consequent emotions can either conserve or transform relationships with family, friends, and homeland within the transnational social fields. Social practices of victimisation and the precarious conditions in which they live make them feel insecure, alienated, and emotionally tensed. Some friends and relatives who acted as agents and sub-agents victimised them because such victimisers did not fear ostracism in the transnational social field. Furthermore, when victimised by agents, employers, and officials, they remain docile, which indicates that their agency is incapacitated. In this situation, the migrant workers felt excluded and marginalised. Therefore, their social practices were directed towards safe spaces such as ritual gatherings, living with fellow workers from the same district and engaging in intense communication with family members in Pakistan with a high degree of homeland orientation. In addition, remittances have affective resonance, which conserves transnational affect. Data was obtained from 35 in-depth informal interviews with Pakistani migrant workers in Malaysia.

中文翻译：

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马来西亚巴基斯坦移民工人的社会实践：保护和转变跨国影响

摘要 本文认为，农民工的社会实践在不同行为者（同事、亲属、雇主、代理人和官员）和因素（如工资、受害、丧亲和汇款）相互作用、产生情感、并影响边界两侧。多样化的社会实践和随之而来的情感可以在跨国社会领域内保存或改变与家人、朋友和家园的关系。受害的社会习俗和他们生活的不稳定条件使他们感到不安全、疏远和情绪紧张。一些充当代理人和副代理人的亲友将他们加害，因为这些加害者不怕跨国社会领域的排斥。此外，当受到代理人、雇主和官员的伤害时，他们仍然温顺，这表明他们的代理无能为力。在这种情况下，农民工感到被排斥和边缘化。因此，他们的社会实践指向安全的空间，例如仪式聚会、与来自同区的同事一起生活以及与具有高度家乡倾向的巴基斯坦家庭成员进行密切沟通。此外，汇款具有情感共鸣，可以保存跨国影响。数据来自对马来西亚的巴基斯坦移民工人的 35 次深入非正式访谈。与来自同一地区的同事一起生活，并与具有高度家乡倾向的巴基斯坦家庭成员进行密切沟通。此外，汇款具有情感共鸣，可以保存跨国影响。数据来自对马来西亚的巴基斯坦移民工人的 35 次深入非正式访谈。与来自同一地区的同事一起生活，并与具有高度家乡倾向的巴基斯坦家庭成员进行密切沟通。此外，汇款具有情感共鸣，可以保存跨国影响。数据来自对马来西亚的巴基斯坦移民工人的 35 次深入非正式访谈。