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A multi-band map of the natural night sky brightness including Gaia and Hipparcos integrated starlight
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa4005
Eduard Masana 1 , Josep Manel Carrasco 1 , Salvador Bará 2 , Salvador J Ribas 1, 3
Affiliation  

The natural night sky brightness is a relevant input for monitoring the light pollution evolution at observatory sites, by subtracting it from the overall sky brightness determined by direct measurements. It is also instrumental for assessing the expected darkness of the pristine night skies. The natural brightness of the night sky is determined by the sum of the spectral radiances coming from astrophysical sources, including zodiacal light, and the atmospheric airglow. The resulting radiance is modified by absorption and scattering before it reaches the observer. Therefore, the natural night sky brightness is a function of the location, time and atmospheric conditions. We present in this work GAMBONS (GAia Map of the Brightness Of the Natural Sky), a model to map the natural night brightness of the sky in cloudless and moonless nights. Unlike previous maps, GAMBONS is based on the extraatmospheric star radiance obtained from the Gaia catalogue. The Gaia-DR2 archive compiles astrometric and photometric information formore than 1.6 billion stars up toG = 21magnitude. For the brightest stars, not included in Gaia-DR2, we have used the Hipparcos catalogue instead. After adding up to the star radiance the contributions of the diffuse galactic and extragalactic light, zodiacal light and airglow, and taking into account the effects of atmospheric attenuation and scattering, the radiance detected by ground-based observers can be estimated. This methodology can be applied to any photometric band, if appropriate transformations from the Gaia bands are available. In particular, we present the expected sky brightness for V (Johnson), and visual photopic and scotopic passbands.

中文翻译:

自然夜空亮度的多波段图,包括 Gaia 和 Hipparcos 综合星光

自然夜空亮度是监测天文台站点光污染演变的相关输入,通过从直接测量确定的整体天空亮度中减去它。它还有助于评估原始夜空的预期黑暗度。夜空的自然亮度由来自天体物理源(包括黄道光)和大气气辉的光谱辐射总和决定。产生的辐射在到达观察者之前被吸收和散射修改。因此,自然夜空亮度是位置、时间和大气条件的函数。我们在这项工作中展示了 GAMBONS(自然天空亮度的 GAia 地图),这是一个在无云和无月的夜晚绘制天空自然夜间亮度的模型。与之前的地图不同,GAMBONS 基于从盖亚目录中获得的大气层外恒星辐射。Gaia-DR2 档案汇编了超过 16 亿颗恒星的天体测量和光度测量信息,最高可达 G = 21 等。对于 Gaia-DR2 中未包含的最亮恒星,我们使用了 Hipparcos 星表。在将漫射银河和河外光、黄道光和气辉的贡献加在一起后,并考虑大气衰减和散射的影响,可以估计地面观测者探测到的辐射。如果可以从 Gaia 波段进行适当的转换,则此方法可应用于任何光度测量波段。特别是,我们提出了 V(约翰逊)的预期天空亮度,以及视觉明视和暗视通带。GAMBONS 基于从盖亚目录中获得的大气层外恒星辐射。Gaia-DR2 档案汇编了超过 16 亿颗恒星的天体测量和光度测量信息,最高可达 G = 21 等。对于 Gaia-DR2 中未包含的最亮恒星,我们使用了 Hipparcos 星表。在将漫射银河和河外光、黄道光和气辉的贡献加在一起后,并考虑大气衰减和散射的影响,可以估计地面观测者探测到的辐射。如果可以从 Gaia 波段进行适当的转换,则此方法可应用于任何光度测量波段。特别是,我们提出了 V(约翰逊)的预期天空亮度,以及视觉明视和暗视通带。GAMBONS 基于从盖亚目录中获得的大气层外恒星辐射。Gaia-DR2 档案汇编了超过 16 亿颗恒星的天体测量和光度测量信息,最高可达 G = 21 等。对于 Gaia-DR2 中未包含的最亮恒星,我们使用了 Hipparcos 星表。在将漫射银河和河外光、黄道光和气辉的贡献加在一起后,并考虑大气衰减和散射的影响,可以估计地面观测者探测到的辐射。如果可以从 Gaia 波段进行适当的转换,则此方法可应用于任何光度测量波段。特别是,我们提出了 V(约翰逊)的预期天空亮度,以及视觉明视和暗视通带。
更新日期:2020-12-31
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