Callus initiation, shoot formation and plant regeneration were established for Artemisia spicigera, a traditional medicinal plant growing in Armenia, Middle-Anatolia and Iran, and producing valuable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are mostly represented by monoterpenoids. Optimal callus initiation and shoot production were obtained by culture of hypocotyl and cotyledon explants on MS medium comprising 0.5 mg L⁻¹ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ 6-benzyladenine (BA). Consequently, the shoots were transferred onto the MS media supplemented with 1 mg L⁻¹ of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1 mg L⁻¹ of NAA. Both types of auxin induced root formation on the shoots and the resulting plantlets were successfully grown in pots. The production of VOCs in callus tissues and regenerated plantlets was studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Although the potential of undifferentiated callus to produce VOCs was very low, an increased content of bioactive volatile components was observed at the beginning of shoot primordia differentiation. Intriguingly, the volatiles obtained from in vitro plantlets showed quantitative and qualitative variation depending on the type of auxins used for the rooting process. The acquired quantities based on total ion current (TIC) showed that the regenerated plantlets using 1 mg L⁻¹ NAA produced higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as camphor (30.29%), cis-thujone (7.07%), and 1,8-cineole (6.71%) and sesquiterpene derivatives, namely germacrene D (8.75%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0%) and spathulenol (1.49%) compared with the intact plant. According to these findings, in vitro generation of volatile organic compounds in A. spicigera depends on the developmental stages of tissues and may enhance with the formation of shoot primordia and regeneration of plantlets.

中文翻译：

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芽孢分化诱导提高挥发性有机化合物的体外生产

已为亚美尼亚，中亚纳托利亚和伊朗生长的传统药用植物蒿（Artemisia spicigera）建立了愈伤组织起始，芽形成和植物再生的方法，并产生了主要由单萜类化合物代表的有价值的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。通过在包含0.5 mg L ^-1萘乙酸（NAA）和0.5 mg L ^-1 6-苄基腺嘌呤（BA）的MS培养基上培养下胚轴和子叶外植体，可以获得最佳的愈伤组织起始和芽生。因此，将芽转移到补充有1 mg L ^-1吲哚-3-丁酸（IBA）或1 mg L ^-1的MS培养基上NAA。两种类型的生长素都诱导芽上的根形成，并且所得的幼苗成功地在盆中生长。通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析研究了愈伤组织和再生苗中VOC的产生。尽管未分化愈伤组织产生VOC的可能性非常低，但在芽原基分化开始时观察到生物活性挥发性成分的含量增加。有趣的是，取决于用于生根过程的植物生长素的类型，从体外苗中获得的挥发物表现出定量和定性变化。基于总离子流（TIC）的获取量显示，再生的苗使用1 mg L ^-1NAA产生了更高含量的含氧单萜，例如樟脑（30.29％），顺式-丁酮（7.07％）和1,8-桉树脑（6.71％）和倍半萜衍生物，即germ并丁烯D（8.75％），双环锗烷（4.0％）与完整植物相比，spathulenol（1.49％）。根据这些发现，在孢子菌中挥发性有机化合物的体外产生取决于组织的发育阶段，并且可能随着芽基原基的形成和小植株的再生而增强。