Environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) is a very complex process that develops in materials that involve combining actions of environment and tensile loading. Crack initiation is the least explored stage and is not clearly defined. For this paper, current knowledge of crack initiation mechanisms was reviewed for three types of commercial structure materials exposed to high-temperature (HT) water coolants of power plants, namely ferritic low-alloy (LAS) and carbon (CS) steels, austenitic stainless (AS) steels, and nickel-based alloys. Physicochemical microprocesses engaged in the two earliest phases of the mechanism, the precursor and the incubation phases, are rather specific for each of these materials. In the latter, the slow growth phase, the crack development process passes into a sequence of repeating steps where the specific key microprocesses persist.

中文翻译：

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高温水中的环境辅助开裂引发

环境辅助开裂（EAC）是一种非常复杂的过程，其发展过程涉及将环境作用与拉伸载荷相结合的材料。裂纹萌生是探索最少的阶段，没有明确定义。在本文中，综述了三种类型的暴露于电厂高温（HT）水冷却剂的商业结构材料的裂纹萌生机理的知识，即铁素体低合金（LAS）和碳（CS）钢，奥氏体不锈钢（AS）钢和镍基合金。参与该机制的两个最早阶段的物理化学微过程，即前体阶段和孵育阶段，对于这些材料中的每一个都是相当特定的。在后者的缓慢增长阶段，