Ca²⁺ signaling plays a pivotal role in the control of cellular homeostasis and aberrant regulation of Ca²⁺ fluxes have a strong impact on cellular functioning. As a consequence of this ubiquitous role, Ca²⁺ signaling dysregulation is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer. Indeed, multiple studies have highlighted the role of Ca²⁺ fluxes in all the steps of cancer progression. In particular, the transfer of Ca²⁺ at the ER-mitochondrial contact sites, also known as mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), has been shown to be crucial for cancer cell survival. One of the proteins enriched at this site is the sigma-1 receptor (S1R), a protein that has been described as a Ca²⁺-sensitive chaperone that exerts a protective function in cells in various ways, including the modulation of Ca²⁺ signaling. Interestingly, S1R is overexpressed in many types of cancer even though the exact mechanisms by which it promotes cell survival are not fully elucidated. This review summarizes the findings describing the roles of S1R in the control of Ca²⁺ signaling and its involvement in cancer progression.

中文翻译：

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Sigma-1 受体在钙调节中的作用：可能与癌症有关


Ca ²⁺信号传导在细胞稳态的控制中起着关键作用，Ca ²⁺通量的异常调节对细胞功能有很大影响。由于这种普遍存在的作用，Ca ²⁺信号传导失调参与了包括癌症在内的多种疾病的病理生理学。事实上，多项研究都强调了 Ca ²⁺通量在癌症进展的所有步骤中的作用。特别是，Ca ²⁺在 ER 线粒体接触位点（也称为线粒体相关膜 (MAM)）的转移已被证明对于癌细胞的存活至关重要。该位点富集的蛋白质之一是 sigma-1 受体 (S1R)，这种蛋白质被描述为 Ca ²⁺敏感伴侣，以多种方式在细胞中发挥保护功能，包括调节 Ca ²⁺发信号。有趣的是，S1R 在许多类型的癌症中过度表达，尽管其促进细胞存活的确切机制尚未完全阐明。本综述总结了描述 S1R 在 Ca ²⁺信号传导控制中的作用及其参与癌症进展的研究结果。