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Constructing a desert labyrinth: The psychological and emotional geographies of deterrence strategy on the U.S. / Mexico border
Emotion, Space and Society ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.emospa.2021.100764
Samuel N. Chambers , Geoffrey Alan Boyce , W. Jake Jacobs

Confinement, hindrance, and time bring anxiety, fear, and stress, often accompanied by confusion and desperation. In the case of undocumented immigrants in the Sonoran Desert, such conditions are manipulated by way of surveillance and policing. These conditions, in combination with physical exertion, augment a physiological stress response that coalesces with existing traumas and fear. We undertake a critical mapping of relations among enforcement infrastructure, migration routes, and measurable features of the physical landscape to demonstrate that a corridor in the region functions as a labyrinth, an outcome of a combination of threats and stressors determined by the spaces migrants find themselves in after crossing the U.S./Mexico border. We argue a biopolitical understanding of current border policies indicates it reduces migrants to bare life rather than using threat, stressors, or trauma as instruments for manipulating behavior. We discuss how this labyrinth works in combination with other mechanisms, including criminalization, detention, abuse, separation, and deportation, to deliver consequences that may deter migration. Despite these efforts, migration routes remain plastic, indicating the continued potential to resist and evade the surveillance technologies and enforcement deployed in the borderlands. We assert that an inevitable result of the desert labyrinth is human mortality.



中文翻译:

建造沙漠迷宫:美国/墨西哥边境的威慑策略的心理和情感地理

禁闭,障碍和时间会带来焦虑,恐惧和压力,通常伴随着混乱和绝望。对于索诺兰沙漠中无证件的移民,这种情况通过监视和维持治安来操纵。这些状况与体力消耗相结合,可以增强生理压力反应,从而与现有的创伤和恐惧相融合。我们对执法基础设施,移徙路线以及自然景观的可测量特征之间的关系进行了重要的映射,以证明该地区的走廊起着迷宫的作用,这是由移民发现自己的空间决定的威胁和压力源的组合在穿越美国/墨西哥边界后进入。我们认为,对当前边境政策的生物政治理解表明,它将移民减少为裸寿命,而不是使用威胁,应激,创伤或作为工具用于操纵行为。我们讨论了这个迷宫如何与其他机制(包括定罪,拘留,虐待,隔离和驱逐出境)结合使用,以产生可能阻止移民的后果。尽管作出了这些努力,移徙路线仍然是可塑的,表明仍有继续抵抗和逃避部署在边境地区的监视技术和执法的潜力。我们断言,沙漠迷宫的必然结果是人类死亡。

更新日期:2021-01-21
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