This paper utilizes the lenses of knowledge capital and institutional theories to examine the role knowledge capital plays in the context of entry into social versus commercial entrepreneurship. We also investigate the moderating role of national culture in the relationship between knowledge capital and entrepreneurship. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we find that social capital is relatively more important in social entrepreneurship than commercial entrepreneurship. We also find that national culture moderates this relationship such that in high individualism cultures, specific human capital is directed towards commercial entrepreneurship compared to social entrepreneurship. However, in high uncertainty avoidance cultures, social capital is directed towards social entrepreneurship rather than commercial entrepreneurship. Our findings uncover the nature of the contingent effects of informal institutions on the relationship between knowledge capital and entrepreneurship, leading to important implications for theory and development policy.

本文利用知识资本和制度理论的视角，考察了知识资本在进入社会企业家与商业企业家的过程中所扮演的角色。我们还研究了民族文化在知识资本与企业家精神之间关系中的调节作用。使用来自全球创业监视器的数据，我们发现社会资本在社会创业中比商业创业相对更重要。我们还发现，民族文化调节了这种关系，因此在高度个人主义文化中，与社会企业家精神相比，特定的人力资本是针对商业企业家精神的。但是，在高度不确定的回避文化中，社会资本是针对社会企业家而非商业企业家。