This paper examines how the recent transition of the opioid crisis from prescription opioids to more prevalent misuse of illicit opioids, such as heroin and fentanyl, altered labor supply behavior and disability insurance claiming rates. We exploit differential geographic exposure to the reformulation of OxyContin, the largest reduction in access to abusable prescription opioids to date, to study the effects of substitution to illicit markets. We observe meaningful reductions in labor supply measured in terms of employment-to-population ratios, hours worked, and earnings in states more exposed to reformulation relative to those less exposed. We also find evidence of increases in disability applications and beneficiaries.

本文探讨了最近阿片类药物危机从处方阿片类药物到更普遍滥用非法阿片类药物（例如海洛因和芬太尼）的转变如何改变了劳动力供给行为和残疾保险索赔率。我们利用奥施康定重新配方的不同地理风险（迄今为止可滥用处方阿片类药物获取的最大减少）来研究替代品对非法市场的影响。我们观察到，相对于那些较少受到重新调整影响的州，以就业与人口比率、工作时间和收入来衡量的劳动力供应显着减少。我们还发现残疾申请和受益人增加的证据。