We examined the quality of evidence supporting the effects of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NBDIs) for facilitating change in young children with autism. We also investigated whether effects varied as a function of specific features of the intervention, samples, and outcomes measured. Twenty‐seven studies testing the effects of NDBIs were extracted from data collected for the Autism Intervention Meta‐analysis (Project AIM), a comprehensive meta‐analysis of group design, nonpharmacological intervention studies for children with autism aged 0–8 years. We extracted effect sizes for 454 outcomes from these studies for use in meta‐regression analyses testing associations between intervention effects and mean participant chronological age, language age, autism symptomatology, percentage of sample reported as male, cumulative intervention intensity, interventionist, outcome boundedness, outcome proximity, and risk of parent/teacher training correlated measurement error. The extant literature on NDBIs documents effects on social communication, language, play, and cognitive outcomes. However, our confidence in the positive and significant summary effects for these domains is somewhat limited by methodological concerns. Intervention effects were larger for context‐bound outcomes (relative to generalized), and for proximal outcomes (relative to distal). Our results indicate that NDBIs have promise as an approach for supporting development for some, but not all of the core and related features of autism in early childhood. Confidence in summary effect estimates is limited by study quality concerns, particularly an overreliance on measures subject to high detection bias. The results of this review support the use of proximity and boundedness as indicators of the limits of intervention effects.

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了解自然发展行为干预的影响：AIM 项目荟萃分析

我们检查了支持自然发展行为干预 (NBDI) 对促进自闭症幼儿改变的影响的证据质量。我们还调查了效果是否随干预措施、样本和测量结果的特定特征而变化。从为自闭症干预M收集的数据中提取了 27 项测试 NDBI 效果的研究eta 分析 (Project AIM)，一项针对 0-8 岁自闭症儿童的小组设计、非药物干预研究的综合荟萃分析。我们从这些研究中提取了 454 个结果的效应量，用于元回归分析测试干预效应与平均参与者实际年龄、语言年龄、自闭症症状、报告为男性的样本百分比、累积干预强度、干预者、结果有界性、结果接近度和家长/教师培训风险相关的测量误差。现存的关于 NDBIs 的文献记录了对社会交流、语言、游戏和认知结果的影响。然而，我们对这些领域的积极和显着总结效应的信心在某种程度上受到方法学问题的限制。对于上下文相关结果（相对于广义）和近端结果（相对于远端），干预效果更大。我们的研究结果表明，NDBI 有望作为一种支持儿童早期自闭症核心和相关特征的一些（但不是所有）发展的方法。对总结效应估计的信心受到研究质量问题的限制，特别是过度依赖具有高检测偏差的措施。本综述的结果支持使用接近度和有界性作为干预效果限度的指标。对总结效应估计的信心受到研究质量问题的限制，特别是过度依赖具有高检测偏差的措施。本综述的结果支持使用接近度和有界性作为干预效果限度的指标。对总结效应估计的信心受到研究质量问题的限制，特别是过度依赖具有高检测偏差的措施。本综述的结果支持使用接近度和有界性作为干预效果限度的指标。