Creative solutions to manage stormwater include ecologically based designs, such as biofilter structures. A laboratory experiment was established to study the ability of biofilters to remove nutrients, metals, total suspended solids (TSS) and total organic carbon originating from roadside stormwater as melted snow. Special attention was paid on the removal of phosphorus (P). In addition, the fate of microplastics (MPs) in the biofilters was followed. The materials selected for biofilters were crushed light-expanded clay aggregates without biochar or amended with biochar, Filtralite P® clay aggregates, crushed concrete or filter sand. A layer to support grass growth was placed above these materials. Stormwater was rich in TSS with associated P, and metals, which were substantially retained by all biofilters.Filtralite and concrete had almost 100% P removal, but the high pH had adverse effects on plants. Light-expanded clay aggregates had lower retention of P andwhen mixed with biochar (30% v/v), the leaching of P increased, while nitrogen retention was improved but . None of the materials was ideal for treating both nutrients and metals, but sand was generally best. Vegetation improved nitrogen retention and stormwater infiltration. Plant roots formed preferential pathways for water and associated substances, evidenced by the accumulation of MPs along root channels. No MPs were found in discharge. Given the high loading of suspended solids and associated contaminants in snow-melt from traffic areas and their efficient retention in biofiltration, results of this study suggest the implementation of such stormwater management solutions along road verges. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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选定的过滤材料在生物过滤结构中从雨水中去除养分、金属和微塑料的能力

管理雨水的创造性解决方案包括基于生态的设计，例如生物过滤器结构。建立了一项实验室实验，以研究生物过滤器去除路边雨水中的养分、金属、总悬浮固体 (TSS) 和总有机碳的能力。特别注意去除磷（P）。此外，还跟踪了生物过滤器中微塑料 (MP) 的命运。为生物过滤器选择的材料是不含生物炭的压碎轻膨胀粘土骨料，或添加了生物炭、Filtralite P® 粘土骨料、碎混凝土或滤砂。在这些材料上方放置了一层以支持草生长。雨水含有丰富的 TSS 和相关的 P 和金属，所有生物过滤器都基本上保留了这些。Filtralite 和混凝土几乎 100% 去除了 P，但高 pH 值对植物有不利影响。轻膨胀粘土骨料对磷的截留率较低，当与生物炭（30% v/v）混合时，磷的浸出增加，而氮的保留率提高，但 . 没有一种材料既适合处理养分也适合处理金属，但沙子通常是最好的。植被改善了氮保留和雨水渗透。植物根部形成了水和相关物质的优先途径，MPs 沿着根部通道的积累证明了这一点。出院时没有发现国会议员。鉴于交通区域融雪中悬浮固体和相关污染物的含量很高，并且它们在生物过滤中的有效保留，本研究的结果表明，在道路边缘实施此类雨水管理解决方案。本文受版权保护。版权所有。