Background

Arecoline found in areca nut causes oral submucous fibrosis. Triphala is an Ayurvedic medicinal preparation used to improve overall physical wellness that has also been shown to improve oral health.

Objectives

To assess the activity of Triphala extract on arecoline-induced senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro.

Materials and methods

Oral mucosal epithelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess the viability of treated cells, while senescence was assessed by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase staining. Cell surface marker expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine gene expression levels.

Results

Triphala extract (5 µg/mL) reversed the cell senescence activity of arecoline, as evidenced by reduced β-galactosidase activity, increased Ki-67 marker expression, and reduced expression of senescence-related genes p16 and p21.

Conclusion

Triphala extract helped to reduce the pathological effects of arecoline-induced pathogenesis.

Clinical relevance.

Arecoline found in the areca nut causes oral pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis. Our results showed that Triphala counteracted the adverse effects of arecoline, in particular, negating senescence in oral mucosal epithelial cells. As a translational effect, Triphala treatment could restore normal epithelial thickness in oral submucous fibrosis, thus reducing the clinical severity of the disease. This reestablishment of oral homeostasis would help to improve oral health-related quality of life in patients with oral submucous fibrosis.

中文翻译：

---

Triphala 提取物在体外消除槟榔碱诱导的口腔粘膜上皮细胞衰老

背景

在槟榔中发现的槟榔碱会导致口腔黏膜下纤维化。Triphala 是一种阿育吠陀药物制剂，用于改善整体身体健康，也被证明可以改善口腔健康。

目标

评估Triphala提取物在体外对槟榔碱诱导的口腔粘膜上皮细胞衰老的活性。

材料和方法

分离口腔黏膜上皮细胞并在体外培养。进行 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑测定以评估处理细胞的活力，同时通过衰老相关的β-半乳糖苷酶染色评估衰老。通过流式细胞术分析细胞表面标志物的表达。最后，进行实时定量聚合酶链式反应以检查基因表达水平。

结果

Triphala 提取物 (5 µg/mL) 逆转槟榔碱的细胞衰老活性，这可以通过降低 β-半乳糖苷酶活性、增加 Ki-67 标记表达以及降低衰老相关基因 p16 和 p21 的表达来证明。

结论

Triphala 提取物有助于减少槟榔碱诱导的发病机制的病理影响。

临床相关性。

在槟榔中发现的槟榔碱会导致口腔病理状况，包括口腔黏膜下纤维化。我们的研究结果表明，Triphala 抵消了槟榔碱的副作用，特别是消除了口腔粘膜上皮细胞的衰老。作为一种转化效应，Triphala 治疗可以恢复口腔黏膜下纤维化的正常上皮厚度，从而降低疾病的临床严重程度。这种口腔内稳态的重建将有助于改善口腔黏膜下纤维化患者的口腔健康相关生活质量。