Self-powered wireless sensor systems are highly sought for the forthcoming Internet of Things era. However, most of the technologies take the route of energy harvesting, storage, and power regulation to power wireless sensor systems, which has a limited operation duration due to the low energy utilization efficiency of the multiple energy conversions involved. Here, we propose a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based fully self-powered, instantaneous wireless sensor system which yet does not contain electronic devices and chips, but the passive components only. By integrating a capacitive sensor and an inductor coil with TENG, the pulse voltage output of the TENG is converted into a sinusoidal signal containing the sensing information with a resonant frequency and is transmitted to the receiver in distance wirelessly and continuously. A precise analytical model is developed for the capacitive sensor system with general implication; the oscillating signal generated by the model shows excellent agreement with experimental results. A capacitive humidity sensor is then utilized for sensing demonstration, showing that the maximum transmission distance of the sensor system is 50 and 90 cm for a 1 cm diameter magnetic-core coil pair and 20 cm diameter air-core coil pair, respectively. The wireless humidity sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 1.26 kHz/%RH, fast response speed, and excellent linearity, demonstrating its great application potential of the self-powered technology.

在即将到来的物联网时代，自供电的无线传感器系统受到了强烈的追捧。但是，大多数技术都采用能量收集，存储和功率调节的路线来为无线传感器系统供电，由于涉及的多个能量转换的能量利用效率较低，因此操作持续时间有限。在此，我们提出了一种基于摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）的完全自供电的瞬时无线传感器系统，该系统目前不包含电子设备和芯片，而仅包含无源组件。通过将电容式传感器和电感线圈与TENG集成在一起，TENG的脉冲电压输出被转换为包含具有共振频率的感测信息的正弦信号，并以无线方式连续不断地发送到接收器。为电容式传感器系统开发了一个精确的分析模型，具有一般意义。模型产生的振荡信号与实验结果吻合良好。然后，将电容式湿度传感器用于感测演示，表明对于直径1厘米的磁芯线圈对和直径20厘米的空心线圈对，传感器系统的最大传输距离分别为50和90厘米。无线湿度传感器具有1.26 kHz /％RH的灵敏度，快速的响应速度和出色的线性度，证明了其在自供电技术方面的巨大应用潜力。然后，将电容式湿度传感器用于感测演示，表明对于直径1厘米的磁芯线圈对和直径20厘米的空心线圈对，传感器系统的最大传输距离分别为50和90厘米。无线湿度传感器具有1.26 kHz /％RH的灵敏度，快速的响应速度和出色的线性度，证明了其在自供电技术方面的巨大应用潜力。然后，将电容式湿度传感器用于感测演示，表明对于直径1厘米的磁芯线圈对和直径20厘米的空心线圈对，传感器系统的最大传输距离分别为50和90厘米。无线湿度传感器具有1.26 kHz /％RH的灵敏度，快速的响应速度和出色的线性度，证明了其在自供电技术方面的巨大应用潜力。