Thyroid hormones (THs) are instrumental in promoting the molecular mechanisms which underlie the complex nature of neural development and function within the central nervous system (CNS) in vertebrates. The key neurodevelopmental process of myelination is conserved between humans and rodents, of which both experience peak fetal TH concentrations concomitant with onset of myelination. The importance of supplying adequate levels of THs to the myelin producing cells, the oligodendrocytes, for promoting their maturation is crucial for proper neural function. In this review we examine the key TH distributor and transport proteins, including transthyretin (TTR) and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), essential for supporting proper oligodendrocyte and myelin health; and discuss disorders with impaired TH signalling in relation to abnormal CNS myelination in humans and rodents. Furthermore, we explored the importance of using novel TH analogues in the treatment of myelination disorders associated with abnormal TH signalling.

中文翻译：

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甲状腺激素在人类和啮齿动物正常和异常中枢神经系统髓鞘形成中的作用

甲状腺激素 (TH) 有助于促进构成脊椎动物中枢神经系统 (CNS) 内神经发育和功能复杂性质的分子机制。髓鞘形成的关键神经发育过程在人类和啮齿动物之间是保守的，两者都经历了伴随髓鞘形成的胎儿 TH 浓度峰值。向髓鞘生成细胞少突胶质细胞提供足够水平的 THs 以促进其成熟的重要性对于正常的神经功能至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们检查了关键的 TH 分配器和转运蛋白，包括甲状腺素运载蛋白 (TTR) 和单羧酸转运蛋白 8 (MCT8)，这对于支持适当的少突胶质细胞和髓鞘健康至关重要；并讨论与人类和啮齿动物中枢神经系统髓鞘形成异常相关的 TH 信号受损疾病。此外，我们探讨了使用新型 TH 类似物治疗与异常 TH 信号传导相关的髓鞘形成障碍的重要性。