Graphene aerogels (GAs) offer a distinctive combination of high porosity, low density, large specific surface area and high compressibility, which make it grab considerable attention in various applications, in particular for high performance electromagnetic wave attenuation. The internal porous structure and three-dimensional (3D) network of GAs solve the phenomenon of graphene sheet layer agglomeration, high conductivity and impedance mismatch in two-dimensional graphene, which is conducive to the improvement of microwave absorption performance. In addition, GAs incorporate other lossy materials as a framework have been widely studied to achieve more efficient microwave absorption. Herein, the latest advances in the synthetic strategies and structural characteristics of graphene-based materials are reviewed. Furthermore, we summarized recent advances in graphene-based aerogels as microwave absorbing materials, including pure GAs and hybrid aerogels with other lossy materials. In addition, we also highlighted the multifunctional microwave absorbing materials. On this basis, we summarized the research status of graphene-based microwave absorbing aerogels and put forward the challenges and outlook of graphene-based microwave absorbing aerogels.

石墨烯气凝胶（GAs）具有高孔隙率，低密度，大比表面积和高可压缩性的独特组合，这使其在各种应用中引起了极大的关注，特别是在高性能电磁波衰减方面。GA的内部多孔结构和三维（3D）网络解决了石墨烯片层的团聚现象，二维石墨烯的高电导率和阻抗失配的现象，有利于提高微波吸收性能。此外，GAs还结合了其他有损材料，因为已经对其框架进行了广泛研究，以实现更有效的微波吸收。在本文中，综述了石墨烯基材料的合成策略和结构特征的最新进展。此外，我们总结了石墨烯基气凝胶作为微波吸收材料的最新进展，包括纯GA和具有其他损耗性材料的混合气凝胶。此外，我们还重点介绍了多功能微波吸收材料。在此基础上，总结了石墨烯基微波吸收气凝胶的研究现状，并提出了石墨烯基微波吸收气凝胶的挑战和展望。