Biodiversity experiments have shown that high species richness increases productivity in forests. However, forests are diverse regarding community composition. It is unclear how species identity and species composition could contribute to the variation of productivity and how their effects interact with species richness. Here we used data from a 9-years-old planted forest experiment with 40 species to test the effects of species identity and species composition on productivity. The plots in the experiment were designed with various compositions across richness levels. We found that for the top 25 species compositions with the highest volume increment there were six monocultures (24%), eight 2-species mixtures (32%) and eleven 4-species mixtures (44%). Schima superba monoculture had the highest volume in the last study year and highest volume increment over five years, while 2-species and 4-species mixtures with Nyssa sinensis or Liquidambar formosana resulted in high average above-ground volume accumulation. Most of the high-productivity species were deciduous with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations. In addition, the percentage of AM species in plots had a positive significant effect on both above-ground volume in 2018 and increment from 2013 to 2018. While the percentage of evergreen species showed no significant effect on above-ground volume increment, it did significantly decrease the above-ground volume in 2018. Overall, our results encourage reforestation management to consider species identity and species compositions of deciduous and/or AM species, such as Schima superba, Nyssa sinensis or Liquidambar formosana in the studied subtropical area, if the purpose is to enhance ecosystem productivity.

生物多样性实验表明，物种丰富度高可以提高森林的生产力。但是，森林在社区组成方面是多种多样的。尚不清楚物种身份和物种组成如何有助于生产力的变化以及它们的作用如何与物种丰富度相互作用。在这里，我们使用来自9年历史的40种树种的数据来测试物种同一性和物种组成对生产力的影响。设计了实验中的地块，并根据丰富度水平设计了各种成分。我们发现，对于体积增量最大的前25种物种，有6种单一养殖（24％），8种2种混合物（32％）和11种4种混合物（44％）。木荷单一养殖在最近的研究年度中产量最高，五年内产量增量最高，而与Nyssa sinensis或枫香的2种和4种混合物导致较高的平均地上积蓄。大多数高生产力物种是落叶的，具有丛枝菌根（AM）关联。此外，样地中AM物种的百分比对2018年的地上体积和2013年至2018年的增量都有正向的显着影响。虽然常绿树种的百分比对地上体积的增长没有显着影响，但确实有显着影响减少了2018年的地面活动量。总的来说，我们的结果鼓励重新造林管理考虑目的是研究的亚热带地区的落叶和/或AM物种（例如木荷，Nyssa sinensis或枫香枫）的物种身份和物种组成。是为了提高生态系统的生产力。