Microplastic pollutes water, land, air, and groundwater environments not only visually but also ecologically for plants, animals, and humans. Microplastic has been reported to act as vectors by sorbing pollutants and contributing to the bioaccumulation of pollutants, particularly in marine ecosystems, organisms, and subsequently food webs. The inevitable exposure of microplastic to humans emphasises the need to review the potential effects, exposure pathways, and toxicity of microplastic toward human health. Therefore, this review was aimed to reveal the risks of pollutant sorption and bioaccumulation by microplastic toward humans, as well as the dominant types of pollutants sorbed by microplastic, and the types of pollutants that are bioaccumulated by microplastic in the living organisms of the marine ecosystem. The possible factors influencing the sorption and bioaccumulation of pollutants by microplastic in marine ecosystems were also reviewed. The review also revealed the prevailing types of microplastic, abundance of microplastic, and geographical distribution of microplastic in the aquatic environment globally. The literature review revealed that microplastic characteristics, chemical interactions, and water properties played a role in the sorption of pollutants by microplastic. The evidence of microplastic posing a direct medical threat to humans is still lacking albeit substantial literature has reported the health hazards of microplastic-associated monomers, additives, and pollutants. This review recommends future research on the existing knowledge gaps in microplastic research, which include the toxicity of microplastic, particularly to humans, as well as the factors influencing the sorption and bioaccumulation of pollutants by microplastic.

微塑料不仅在视觉上而且在植物，动物和人类的生态上污染水，土地，空气和地下水环境。据报道，微塑料通过吸收污染物并促进污染物的生物蓄积，特别是在海洋生态系统，生物和随后的食物网中，充当载体。人体不可避免地暴露于微塑性物质中，强调了必须审查微塑性物质对人类健康的潜在影响，暴露途径和毒性。因此，本综述旨在揭示微生物对人类生态系统的污染物吸附和生物富集的风险，以及由微生物吸收的主要污染物类型，以及海洋生态系统中生物体内由微生物吸收的污染物的类型。 。还综述了可能的因素影响海洋生态系统中微塑料对污染物的吸附和生物积累。审查还揭示了全球水生环境中的微塑性的主要类型，微塑性的丰富度和地理分布。文献综述表明，微塑料的特性，化学相互作用和水的性质在微塑料对污染物的吸附中发挥了作用。尽管大量文献报道了与微塑料相关的单体，添加剂和污染物对健康的危害，但仍缺乏有关微塑料对人类构成直接医学威胁的证据。这篇评论为将来关于微塑料研究中现有知识空白的研究提出了建议，其中包括微塑料的毒性，特别是对人类的毒性，