Purpose We aimed to identify job accommodations that help persons with physical disabilities maintain or return to work and explore the barriers and facilitators that influence the provision and reception of job accommodations. Methods We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019129645). The search strategy incorporated keywords describing physical disabilities, employer-approved job accommodations, and employment retention or return to work approaches. We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Theses and dissertations. Reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion. We used Hawker et al.’s method to assess study quality. Results We identified 2203 articles, of which 52 met inclusion criteria, developed a table of job accommodations commonly used by persons with physical disabilities, summarized the percentages of job accommodations used by persons with disabilities, synthesized evidence of the effectiveness of job accommodations, and identified the factors that influence job accommodation use. The most frequently reported accommodations were as follows: modification of job responsibilities, change of workplace policy, supportive personnel provision, flexible scheduling, and assistive technology. We summarized four types of facilitators and barriers that affect job accommodation use: employee-related factors, accommodation-related factors, job-related factors, and social workplace-related factors. Conclusion The absence of randomized controlled trials and prevalence of cross-sectional surveys provides inconclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific job accommodations for people with particular functional limitations. Our system of categorizing job accommodations provides a guide to investigators seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of job accommodations using experimental methods.

目的我们旨在确定有助于身体残疾者维持或重返工作岗位的工作便利，并探索影响提供和接受工作便利的障碍和促进因素。方法我们使用系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南进行了系统评价。该评论已在 PROSPERO (CRD42019129645) 中注册。搜索策略包含描述身体残疾、雇主批准的工作便利以及就业保留或重返工作方法的关键词。我们检索了 MEDLINE、Cochrane 图书馆、Embase、CINAHL、PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 ProQuest 论文和学位论文。评审员独立选择纳入的研究。我们使用 Hawker 等人的方法来评估研究质量。结果我们确定了 2203 篇文章，其中 52 篇符合纳入标准，制定了身体残疾者常用的工作便利表，总结了残疾人使用的工作便利的百分比，综合了工作便利有效性的证据，并确定了影响工作住宿使用的因素。最常报告的调整如下：工作职责的改变、工作场所政策的改变、支持人员的提供、灵活的时间安排和辅助技术。我们总结了影响工作住宿使用的四种促进因素和障碍：员工相关因素、住宿相关因素、工作相关因素和社会工作场所相关因素。结论缺乏随机对照试验和横断面调查的普遍性为具有特定功能限制的人的特定工作便利的有效性提供了不确定的证据。我们的工作便利分类系统为寻求使用实验方法评估工作便利有效性的调查人员提供了指南。