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Cool season precipitation projections for California and the Western United States in NA-CORDEX models
Climate Dynamics ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s00382-021-05632-z
Kelly Mahoney , James D. Scott , Michael Alexander , Rachel McCrary , Mimi Hughes , Dustin Swales , Melissa Bukovsky

Understanding future precipitation changes is critical for water supply and flood risk applications in the western United States. The North American COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (NA-CORDEX) matrix of global and regional climate models at multiple resolutions (~ 50-km and 25-km grid spacings) is used to evaluate mean monthly precipitation, extreme daily precipitation, and snow water equivalent (SWE) over the western United States, with a sub-regional focus on California. Results indicate significant model spread in mean monthly precipitation in several key water-sensitive areas in both historical and future projections, but suggest model agreement on increasing daily extreme precipitation magnitudes, decreasing seasonal snowpack, and a shortening of the wet season in California in particular. While the beginning and end of the California cool season are projected to dry according to most models, the core of the cool season (December, January, February) shows an overall wetter projected change pattern. Daily cool-season precipitation extremes generally increase for most models, particularly in California in the mid-winter months. Finally, a marked projected decrease in future seasonal SWE is found across all models, accompanied by earlier dates of maximum seasonal SWE, and thus a shortening of the period of snow cover as well. Results are discussed in the context of how the diverse model membership and variable resolutions offered by the NA-CORDEX ensemble can be best leveraged by stakeholders faced with future water planning challenges.



中文翻译:

NA-CORDEX模型在加利福尼亚和美国西部的凉爽季节降水预测

了解未来的降水变化对于美国西部的供水和洪水风险应用至关重要。全球和区域气候模型在多个分辨率(〜50 km和25 km网格间距)下的北美协调区域降尺度试验(NA-CORDEX)矩阵用于评估平均月降水量,极端日降水量和雪水当量(SWE)覆盖美国西部,并将次区域重点放在加利福尼亚州。结果表明,在历史和未来的预测中,几个关键的水敏感地区的平均月降水量都有显着的分布,但建议在增加每日极端降水量,减少季节性积雪和缩短加利福尼亚的雨季方面达成模型一致性。尽管根据大多数型号,加州凉爽季节的开始和结束预计会变干,但凉爽季节的核心(12月,1月,2月)显示出总体上较为潮湿的预估变化模式。大多数型号的每日冷季降雨量通常都会增加,特别是在冬季中期的加利福尼亚州。最后,在所有模型中都发现未来季节性SWE的明显减少,并伴随着最大季节性SWE的较早日期,因此也缩短了积雪的时间。在如何应对NA-CORDEX集成提供的各种模型成员和可变分辨率的情况下,如何应对面临未来水规划挑战的利益相关方,可以最好地利用结果。一月,二月)显示了总体上较为湿润的变更模式。大多数型号的每日冷季降雨量通常都会增加,特别是在冬季中期的加利福尼亚州。最后,在所有模型中都发现未来季节性SWE的明显减少,并伴随着最大季节性SWE的较早日期,因此也缩短了积雪的时间。将在面对未来水计划挑战的利益相关者如何最好地利用NA-CORDEX集成提供的各种模型成员和可变分辨率的背景下讨论结果。一月,二月)显示了总体上较为湿润的变更模式。大多数型号的每日冷季降雨量通常都会增加,特别是在冬季中期的加利福尼亚州。最后,在所有模型中都发现未来季节性SWE的明显减少,并伴随着最大季节性SWE的较早日期,因此也缩短了积雪的时间。在如何应对NA-CORDEX集成提供的各种模型成员和可变分辨率的情况下,如何应对面临未来水规划挑战的利益相关方,可以最好地利用结果。在所有模型中,未来季节性SWE都有显着的预计下降,伴随着最大季节性SWE的较早日期,因此也缩短了积雪的时间。在如何应对NA-CORDEX集成提供的各种模型成员和可变分辨率的情况下,如何应对面临未来水规划挑战的利益相关方,可以最好地利用结果。在所有模型中,未来季节性SWE都有显着的预计下降,同时最大季节性SWE的早期日期也随之而来,因此也缩短了积雪的时间。在如何应对NA-CORDEX集成提供的各种模型成员和可变分辨率的情况下,如何应对面临未来水规划挑战的利益相关方,可以最好地利用结果。

更新日期:2021-01-22
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