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Felid bedrooms with a panoramic view: selection of resting sites by Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) in a karstic landscape
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-02977-7
Lan Hočevar , Teresa Oliveira , Miha Krofel

Abstract

Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is a crepuscular-nocturnal carnivore and mostly spends daytime resting. Although resting sites represent an important part of the lynx habitat and can be negatively affected by human activities, it is still poorly known how lynx select these sites, especially in regions with rugged topography characteristic for much of the species’ range. We analysed microscale habitat selection of lynx resting sites at the home-range level in a karstic landscape of the Dinaric Mountains, Slovenia, using a use-availability study design. We also searched for differences in the selection of resting sites in respect to the presence of ungulate kills, which often limit the available resting sites during the prey-consumption period. Using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM), we tested which environmental features and human infrastructure are important for lynx when choosing resting sites. Lynx selected mountain ridges and hilltops, as well as locations with steeper slopes and lower local visibility. Such locations likely provide concealment from potential danger or prey and, at the same time, offer good overview of the surroundings. There was also a tendency to avoid forest cabins and to select rocky terrain and southern exposures, but support in the data for this was lower. When lynx were not limited by the presence of fresh kill, the selection tended to be stronger, but the differences were not significant, except for visibility, which was lower at resting sites near prey remains. Results likely reflect high availability of suitable resting sites in a rugged terrain of karstic landscape.

Significance statement

Animals are often most vulnerable during sleep, thus the resting site should ideally provide them with cover to reduce exposure and at the same time give them good overview of the surroundings to detect any approaching danger. We used snow tracking and GPS telemetry, for the first time in combination with data from activity sensors, to reliably determine resting sites of Eurasian lynx in a rugged karstic landscape. We showed how lynx face the trade-off of the need to be concealed, yet at the same time attain good view, by selecting structured microhabitats on top of the ridges and on steep slopes. Our results also suggest that in the regions with rugged terrain the influence of human infrastructure might be lower compared to the study areas of previous research.



中文翻译:

风景宜人的卧室:岩溶景观中的欧亚天猫(Lynx lynx)选择的休憩场所

摘要

欧亚天猫座Lynx lynx)是夜行肉食性动物,大部分时间白天休息。尽管休憩场所是山猫栖息地的重要组成部分,并可能受到人类活动的不利影响,但人们仍然不清楚山猫如何选择这些栖息地,尤其是在该物种大部分范围内地形崎的地区。我们使用实用性研究设计,分析了斯洛文尼亚迪纳里克山脉岩溶景观中家庭范围内天猫座栖息地的微观生境选择。我们还搜索了关于有蹄类动物死亡的情况,在休息地点选择上的差异,这通常限制了猎物消费期间可用的休息地点。使用广义线性混合模型(GLMM),我们测试了在选择休憩地点时哪些环境特征和人类基础设施对山猫很重要。山猫选择了山脊和山顶,以及陡峭的山坡和较低的局部能见度的位置。这些位置可能掩盖了潜在的危险或猎物,同时提供了周围环境的良好概览。还有一种避免避开森林小屋,选择岩石地形和南部地区的趋势,但是对此数据的支持较低。当山猫不受新鲜杀虫剂的限制时,选择趋向于更强,但是差异不明显,除了能见度,在猎物附近的休息点更低。结果可能反映出在岩溶地形崎s不平的地形中合适的休息点的高可用性。山猫选择了山脊和山顶,以及陡峭的山坡和较低的局部能见度的位置。这些位置可能掩盖了潜在的危险或猎物,同时提供了周围环境的良好概览。还有一种避免避开森林小屋,选择岩石地形和南部地区的趋势,但是对此数据的支持较低。当山猫不受新鲜杀虫剂的限制时,选择趋向于更强,但是差异不明显,除了能见度,在猎物附近的休息点更低。结果可能反映出在岩溶地形崎s不平的地形中合适的休息点的高可用性。山猫选择了山脊和山顶,以及陡峭的山坡和较低的局部能见度的位置。这些位置可能掩盖了潜在的危险或猎物,同时提供了周围环境的良好概览。还有一种避免避开森林小屋,选择岩石地形和南部地区的趋势,但是对此数据的支持较低。当山猫不受新鲜杀虫剂的限制时,选择趋向于更强,但是差异不明显,除了能见度,在猎物附近的休息点更低。结果可能反映出在岩溶地形崎s不平的地形中合适的休息点的高可用性。这些位置可能掩盖了潜在的危险或猎物,同时提供了周围环境的良好概览。还有一种避免避开森林小屋,选择岩石地形和南部地区的趋势,但是对此数据的支持较低。当山猫不受新鲜杀虫剂的限制时,选择趋向于更强,但是差异不明显,除了能见度,在猎物附近的休息点更低。结果可能反映出在岩溶地形崎s不平的地形中合适的休息点的高可用性。这些位置可能掩盖了潜在的危险或猎物,同时提供了周围环境的良好概览。还有一种避免避开森林小屋,选择岩石地形和南部地区的趋势,但是对此数据的支持较低。当山猫不受新鲜杀虫剂的限制时,选择趋向于更强,但是差异不明显,除了能见度,在猎物附近的休息点更低。结果可能反映出在岩溶地形崎s不平的地形中合适的休息点的高可用性。当山猫不受新鲜杀虫剂的限制时,选择趋向于更强,但是差异不明显,除了能见度,在猎物附近的休息点更低。结果可能反映出在岩溶地形崎s不平的地形中合适的休息点的高可用性。当山猫不受新鲜杀虫剂的限制时,选择趋向于更强,但是差异不明显,除了能见度,在猎物附近的休息点更低。结果可能反映出在岩溶地形崎s不平的地形中合适的休息点的高可用性。

重要性声明

动物通常在睡眠时最容易受到伤害,因此理想的休息场所应给它们遮盖以减少暴露,同时让它们对周围环境有良好的了解,以发现任何临近的危险。我们首次将积雪跟踪和GPS遥测技术与来自活动传感器的数据结合使用,以可靠地确定崎的岩溶景观中欧亚天猫座的栖息地。我们展示了山猫如何面对隐藏需求的权衡,同时通过在山脊顶部和陡峭的斜坡上选择结构化的微生境来获得良好的视野。我们的结果还表明,在地形崎terrain的地区,与以前的研究相比,人类基础设施的影响可能较小。

更新日期:2021-01-22
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