The development of the Skipper-charge-coupled devices (Skipper-CCDs) has been a major technological breakthrough for sensing very weak ionizing particles. The sensor allows to reach the ultimate sensitivity of silicon material as a charge signal sensor by unambiguous determination of the charge signal collected by each cell or pixel, even for single electron–hole pair ionization. Extensive use of the technology was limited by the lack of specific equipment to operate the sensor at the ultimate performance. A simple, single-board Skipper-CCD controller designed by the authors is presented and aimed for the operation of the detector in high sensitivity scientific applications. Our article describes the main components and functionality of the so-called low threshold acquisition controller together with experimental results when connected to a Skipper-CCD sensor. Measurements show unprecedented deep subelectron noise of 0.039 erms−/pix by nondestructively measuring the charge 5000 times in each pixel.

中文翻译：

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船长电荷耦合设备的低阈值采集控制器

船长-电荷耦合器件（Skipper-CCD）的开发已经成为检测非常弱的电离粒子的一项重大技术突破。通过明确确定每个单元或像素收集的电荷信号，即使对于单个电子-空穴对电离，该传感器也可以达到硅材料作为电荷信号传感器的极限灵敏度。由于缺乏用于使传感器达到最佳性能的专用设备，该技术的广泛使用受到了限制。提出了一种由作者设计的简单的单板Skipper-CCD控制器，该控制器旨在在高灵敏度的科学应用中操作检测器。本文介绍了所谓的低阈值采集控制器的主要组件和功能，以及与Skipper-CCD传感器连接时的实验结果。通过无损测量每个像素中的电荷5000次，测量结果显示出0.039 erms- / pix的前所未有的深亚电子噪声。