Inflorescence explants of date palm proved to be a promising tool for micropropagation of elite cultivars or rare males and females as organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis could be achieved. These plant materials are abundantly available every year and can be used as cheap and potent explants. Nevertheless, many difficulties could be faced in this protocol according to selection of the spathe size and age, media components, growth regulators, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various cytokinins on direct organs induction of three date palm cultivars (Selmi, Barhee, and Medjool) from immature inflorescence. An additional objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cytokinins and auxins on growth and development of Medjool cultivar. Various combinations of cytokinins were investigated on three date palm inflorescences as N6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), kinetin, benzyleadenine (BA), and thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N′-1,2,3-thidiazol-5-yl urea) (TDZ). TDZ alone or in combination with BA proved to be superior for direct organogenesis in all three cultivars so that another combination of TDZ with BA was conducted. Results showed that moderate concentration of BA, with TDZ, gave superior response. Medjool cultivar response surpassed other two cultivars that made the possibility to conduct some growth regulators treatments on its multiplication and regeneration. TDZ at 0.5 + BA at 1.0 mg/l without activated charcoal seemed to enhance multiplication rate. Medium containing 0.5 mg/l of both naphthaleneacetic acid and indole butyric acid in addition to 1.0 mg/l indole acetic acid appeared to be more suitable for rooting stage of Medjool shootlets. In this study, we created an innovation sequence of growth regulators included in nutrient media for date palm direct organogenesis from inflorescence. Organogenesis has been accelerated from immature inflorescence explants and developed to healthy plantlets which acclimatized in greenhouse.

中文翻译：

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噻二氮隆诱导的三个枣椰子未成熟花序的直接器官发生。

由于可以实现器官发生和体细胞胚发生，因此枣椰树的花序外植体被证明是用于优良品种或稀有雄性和雌性微繁殖的有前途的工具。这些植物材料每年都有大量供应，可用作廉价而有力的外植体。然而，根据空间大小，年龄，培养基成分，生长调节剂等的选择，该方案可能会面临许多困难。本研究的目的是确定各种细胞分裂素对三种枣椰树品种直接器官诱导的影响。 （Selmi，Barhee和Medjool）来自未成熟的花序。这项研究的另一个目的是研究细胞分裂素和生长素对Medjool品种生长和发育的影响。在三个枣椰树花序上研究了细胞分裂素的各种组合，如N6-（2-异戊烯基）腺嘌呤（2iP），激动素，苄基腺嘌呤（BA）和噻二唑酮（N-苯基-N'-1,2,3-噻二唑-5 -基脲）（TDZ）。在所有三个品种中，单独使用TDZ或与BA组合使用TDZ均优于直接器官发生，因此进行了TDZ与BA的另一种组合。结果表明，中等浓度的BA和TDZ可以产生更好的响应。Medjool品种的反应超过了其他两个品种，这使得对其增殖和再生进行某些生长调节剂处理成为可能。TDZ浓度为0.5 + BA浓度为1.0 mg / l，而无活性炭时，似乎可以提高繁殖率。除1.外还含有0.5 mg / l的萘乙酸和吲哚丁酸的培养基。0 mg / l的吲哚乙酸似乎更适合Medjool子弹的生根期。在这项研究中，我们创建了一个创新的生长调节剂序列，该序列包含在营养培养基中，用于从花序中提取出椰枣直接器官。器官发生已从不成熟的花序外植体加速发展，并发展为适应温室的健康小植株。