Computing technologies are currently based on the binary logic/number system, which is dependent on the simple on and off switching mechanism of the prevailing transistors. With the exponential increase of data processing and storage needs, there is a strong push to move to a higher radix logic/number system that can eradicate or lessen many limitations of the binary system. Anticipated saturation of Moore’s law and the necessity to increase information density and processing speed in the future micro and nanoelectronic circuits and systems provide a strong background and motivation for the beyond-binary logic system. In this review article, different technologies for Multiple-valued-Logic (MVL) devices and the associated prospects and constraints are discussed. The feasibility of the MVL system in real-world applications rests on resolving two major challenges: (i) development of an efficient mathematical approach to implement the MVL logic using available technologies, and (ii) availability of effective synthesis techniques. This review of different technologies for the MVL system is intended to perform a comprehensive investigation of various MVL technologies and a comparative analysis of the feasible approaches to implement MVL devices, especially ternary logic.

中文翻译：

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超越二进制时代的多值逻辑技术研究

计算技术目前基于二进制逻辑/数字系统，它依赖于主流晶体管的简单开关机制。随着数据处理和存储需求的指数级增长，强烈推动转向更高的基数逻辑/数字系统，可以消除或减少二进制系统的许多限制。摩尔定律的预期饱和以及未来微纳电子电路和系统中提高信息密度和处理速度的必要性为超二进制逻辑系统提供了强大的背景和动力。在这篇评论文章中，讨论了多值逻辑 (MVL) 设备的不同技术以及相关的前景和限制。MVL 系统在实际应用中的可行性取决于解决两个主要挑战：(i) 开发一种有效的数学方法来使用现有技术实现 MVL 逻辑，以及 (ii) 有效综合技术的可用性。这篇对 MVL 系统不同技术的回顾旨在对各种 MVL 技术进行全面调查，并对实现 MVL 器件的可行方法进行比较分析，特别是三元逻辑。