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Intracellular and Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Airborne PM2.5 for Respiratory Exposure in Urban Areas
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00974 Tangtian He 1, 2 , Ling Jin 1, 2 , Jiawen Xie 1, 2 , Siyao Yue 3 , Pingqing Fu 4 , Xiangdong Li 1, 2
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00974 Tangtian He 1, 2 , Ling Jin 1, 2 , Jiawen Xie 1, 2 , Siyao Yue 3 , Pingqing Fu 4 , Xiangdong Li 1, 2
Affiliation
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The current research paradigm for the environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) focuses on those harbored within bacteria (i.e., intracellular fraction). Understanding both intracellular and extracellular ARGs has particular implications for the flux and fate of ARGs that are airborne via fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from the ambient atmosphere to the human airway. In this study, we developed an operationally defined protocol for urban PM2.5 to quantify the abundance of ARGs occurring in free and phage-associated DNA, in addition to their counterparts commonly analyzed within bacterial cells. The results demonstrated that the extracellular fraction comprises a significant proportion of total ARGs in PM2.5, with subtype-specific dominance in either free or phage-associated DNA. A comparison between temperate and subtropical cities revealed geographical disparities of PM2.5-associated intracellular and extracellular ARGs due to the influences of regional meteorological factors and oxidative gases. Considering the potential for horizontal gene transfers and the efficiency of respiratory deposition, the extracellular fraction could represent >60% of the modeled inhalational intake of most of the analyzed ARGs in some cities. This study highlights the importance of the dynamics of ARGs in airborne PM2.5 and their health implications across climate zones and pollution gradients.
中文翻译：
市区空气中PM 2.5的细胞内和细胞外抗生素抗性基因
目前，在环境中传播抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的研究范式着重于细菌内隐含的那些（即细胞内组分）。理解细胞内和细胞外ARG都对ARG的通量和结局有特殊的影响，这些ARG是通过细颗粒物（PM 2.5）从环境大气传播到人类气道而传播的。在这项研究中，我们开发了针对城市PM 2.5的可操作定义的协议，以量化在细菌细胞中通常分析的对应物之外，在游离和噬菌体相关的DNA中出现的ARG的数量。结果表明，细胞外部分占PM 2.5中总ARG的很大比例，在游离或噬菌体相关的DNA中具有亚型特异性优势。温带和亚热带城市之间的比较显示，受区域气象因素和氧化性气体的影响，与PM 2.5相关的细胞内和细胞外ARG的地理差异。考虑到水平基因转移的潜力和呼吸沉积的效率，在一些城市中，大多数分析的ARG的模型吸入摄入量的60％以上是细胞外部分。这项研究凸显了机载PM 2.5中ARG动力学的重要性及其在整个气候区和污染梯度中的健康意义。
更新日期：2021-02-09
中文翻译：
市区空气中PM 2.5的细胞内和细胞外抗生素抗性基因
目前，在环境中传播抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的研究范式着重于细菌内隐含的那些（即细胞内组分）。理解细胞内和细胞外ARG都对ARG的通量和结局有特殊的影响，这些ARG是通过细颗粒物（PM 2.5）从环境大气传播到人类气道而传播的。在这项研究中，我们开发了针对城市PM 2.5的可操作定义的协议，以量化在细菌细胞中通常分析的对应物之外，在游离和噬菌体相关的DNA中出现的ARG的数量。结果表明，细胞外部分占PM 2.5中总ARG的很大比例，在游离或噬菌体相关的DNA中具有亚型特异性优势。温带和亚热带城市之间的比较显示，受区域气象因素和氧化性气体的影响，与PM 2.5相关的细胞内和细胞外ARG的地理差异。考虑到水平基因转移的潜力和呼吸沉积的效率，在一些城市中，大多数分析的ARG的模型吸入摄入量的60％以上是细胞外部分。这项研究凸显了机载PM 2.5中ARG动力学的重要性及其在整个气候区和污染梯度中的健康意义。
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