Midwakh, originated in the Middle East, has started to spread globally with different brands commercialized online and in local stores across Europe and the USA. Dokha is the tobacco used in midwakh. To this day, risk of midwakh smoking is poorly understood. Three different types of dokha were evaluated in this study, classified as cold, medium, and hot using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The concentrations of nicotine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in raw and smoked dokha samples were measured, and the results were compared to data in the literature on different types of tobacco products. PAH concentrations were used to estimate the toxic equivalency quotient, daily exposures, incremental lifetime cancer risk, and hazard quotient. The level of nicotine in raw dokha exceeded by far the levels reported in cigarettes, cigar, waterpipe, and chewing tobacco. Although only a portion of the nicotine is released into the smoke, the amount of nicotine in dokha smoke exceeded those reported for cigarettes. Two PAHs were found in raw dokha at trace amounts and 12 PAHs were detected in dokha smoke in amounts that exceeded those reported for cigarette smoke. The PAHs distribution showed a specific pattern in the smoke and a higher risk factor than that obtained for cigarettes and other tobacco products. Dokha products present a potential higher risk and immediate action should be taken to avoid its global consumption.

中文翻译：

---

Midwakh：多卡烟草烟雾中致癌多环芳烃和尼古丁水平的评估


Midwakh 起源于中东，现已开始向全球传播，不同品牌在欧洲和美国的网上和当地商店进行销售。 Dokha 是中途使用的烟草。迄今为止，人们对中途吸烟的风险知之甚少。本研究使用气相色谱-质谱法 (GC-MS) 评估了三种不同类型的多卡，分为冷、中和热。测量了生多卡和烟熏多卡样品中尼古丁和多环芳烃 (PAH) 的浓度，并将结果与​​不同类型烟草制品文献中的数据进行比较。 PAH 浓度用于估计毒性当量商、每日暴露量、增量终生癌症风险和危险商。生多卡中的尼古丁含量远远超过了香烟、雪茄、水烟和咀嚼烟草中报告的含量。尽管只有一部分尼古丁释放到烟雾中，但多卡烟雾中的尼古丁含量超过了香烟的尼古丁含量。在生多卡烟中发现了 2 种痕量多环芳烃，在多卡烟雾中检测出了 12 种微量多环芳烃，其含量超过了卷烟烟雾中报告的含量。多环芳烃的分布在烟雾中显示出特定的模式，并且比香烟和其他烟草产品的风险因素更高。 Dokha 产品存在潜在的较高风险，应立即采取行动避免其全球消费。