Plants and phytophagous arthropods have co-evolved for millions of years. During this long coexistence, plants have developed defense mechanisms including constitutive and inducible defenses. In an effort to survive upon herbivore attack, plants suffer a resource reallocation to facilitate the prioritization of defense toward growth. These rearrangements usually end up with a penalty in plant growth, development or reproduction directly linked to crop losses. Achieving the balance to maximize crop yield requires a fine tune regulation specific for each host-arthropod combination, which remains to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effects of induced plant defenses produced upon pest feeding on plant fitness and surrogate parameters. The majority of the studies are focused on specific plant-pest interactions based on artificial herbivory damage or simulated defoliation on specific plant hosts. In this meta-analysis, the relevance of the variables mediating plant-pest interactions has been studied. The importance of plant and pest species, the infestation conditions (plant age, length/magnitude of infestation) and the parameters measured to estimate fitness (carbohydrate content, growth, photosynthesis and reproduction) in the final cost have been analyzed through a meta-analysis of 209 effects sizes from 46 different studies. Herbivore infestation reduced growth, photosynthesis and reproduction but not carbohydrate content. When focusing on the analyses of the variables modulating plant-pest interactions, new conclusions arise. Differences on the effect on plant growth and photosynthesis were observed among different feeding guilds or plant hosts, suggesting that these variables are key players in the final effects. Regarding the ontogenetic stage of a plant, negative effects were reported only in infestations during the vegetative stage of the plant, while no effect was observed during the reproductive stage. In addition, a direct relation was found between the durability and magnitude of the infestation, and the final negative effect on plant fitness. Among the parameters used to estimate the cost, growth and photosynthesis revealed more differences among subgroups than reproduction parameters. Altogether, this information on defense-growth trade-offs should be of great help for the scientific community to design pest management strategies reducing costs.

植物和植食节肢动物共同进化了数百万年。在这种长期共存过程中，植物形成了防御机制，包括组成型防御和诱导型防御。为了在食草动物的攻击下生存，植物会进行资源重新分配，以促进优先防御和生长。这些重新安排通常最终会对植物生长、发育或繁殖造成影响，并与作物损失直接相关。实现作物产量最大化的平衡需要针对每种宿主-节肢动物组合进行微调调节，这仍有待充分阐明。这项工作的目的是评估害虫取食时产生的诱导植物防御对植物适应性和替代参数的影响。大多数研究都集中在基于人工食草损害或对特定植物宿主的模拟落叶的特定植物与害虫相互作用。在这项荟萃分析中，研究了介导植物与害虫相互作用的变量的相关性。通过荟萃分析，分析了植物和害虫物种的重要性、侵染条件（植物年龄、侵染长度/侵染程度）以及用于估计最终成本适应性的测量参数（碳水化合物含量、生长、光合作用和繁殖）来自 46 项不同研究的 209 个效应大小。食草动物的侵扰会降低生长、光合作用和繁殖，但不会降低碳水化合物含量。当重点分析调节植物与害虫相互作用的变量时，会出现新的结论。在不同的喂养行会或植物宿主之间观察到对植物生长和光合作用的影响存在差异，表明这些变量是最终影响的关键因素。关于植物的个体发育阶段，仅在植物营养阶段的侵染中报告了负面影响，而在生殖阶段没有观察到影响。此外，还发现侵扰的持续时间和程度与对植物健康的最终负面影响之间存在直接关系。在用于估计成本的参数中，生长和光合作用比繁殖参数显示出更多的亚组间差异。总而言之，这些关于防御与增长权衡的信息应该对科学界设计降低成本的害虫管理策略有很大帮助。