A global increase in Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to cephalosporins (extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESβLs) and AmpC β-lactamases) has been recorded in the last 20 years. Similarly, several studies have reported the spread of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from food and the environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of ESβL, AmpC and colistin-resistant E. coli isolated from pork and wild boar meat products in the Emilia Romagna region (North Italy). The isolates were analysed phenotypically (considering both resistant and intermediate profiles) and genotypically. The prevalence of genotypically confirmed ESβL and AmpC E. coli was higher in pork meat products (ESβL = 11.1% vs. AmpC = 0.3%) compared to wild boar meat (ESβL = 6.5% vs. AmpC = 0%). Intermediate profiles for cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftazidime (CAZ) were genotypically confirmed as ESβL in pork meat isolates but not for wild boar. Four E. coli from wild boar meat were resistant to colistin but did not harbour the mcr-1 gene. E. coli isolated from wild boar meat seem to show aspecific antimicrobial resistance mechanisms for cephalosporins and colistin. The prevalence of resistant isolates found in wild boar is less alarming than in pork from farmed domestic pigs. However, the potential risk to consumers of these meat products will require further investigations.

中文翻译：

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肉中ESβL，AmpC和耐共利斯汀大肠杆菌的流行：猪肉和野猪的比较

在过去的20年中，全球对头孢菌素（超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESβLs）和AmpCβ-内酰胺酶）耐药的大肠杆菌（E. coli）有所增加。同样，一些研究报告了大肠菌素耐药性在从食物和环境中分离出来的肠杆菌科中的传播。本研究的目的是评估从艾米利亚-罗马涅地区（意大利北部）的猪肉和野猪肉制品中分离到的ESβL，AmpC和耐大肠菌素的大肠埃希菌的患病率。对分离物进行了表型分析（包括抗性和中间谱），并进行了基因型分析。基因型确认的ESβL和AmpC大肠杆菌的流行与野猪相比，猪肉产品中的产品（ESβL= 11.1％，而AmpC = 0.3％）更高（ESβL= 6.5％，而AmpC = 0％）。在基因型上，头孢噻肟（CTX）和头孢他啶（CAZ）的中间谱在猪肉分离物中被确认为ESβL，但对于野猪则没有。来自野猪的四个大肠杆菌对大肠菌素具有抗性，但不包含mcr-1基因。从野猪肉中分离出的大肠杆菌似乎对头孢菌素和粘菌素表现出特定的抗药性。在野猪中发现的抗性分离株的流行程度比在养殖的家猪的猪肉中令人震惊。但是，这些肉类产品对消费者的潜在风险将需要进一步调查。