The genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism and saprophytism, and participate in the basic metabolic process of plants. In the past ten years, many studies have been focused on the discovery of new species and biological secondary metabolites from this genus. In this review, we summarize a total of 335 bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from 26 known species and various unidentified species of Diaporthe and Phomopsis during 2010–2019. Overall, there are 106 bioactive compounds derived from Diaporthe and 246 from Phomopsis, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Polyketides constitute the main chemical population, accounting for 64%. Meanwhile, their bioactivities mainly involve cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-algae, phytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Diaporthe and Phomopsis exhibit their potent talents in the discovery of small molecules for drug candidates.

中文翻译：

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陆地和海洋生境及内生菌的 Diporthe 属和 Anamorph Phomopsis 的生物活性次生代谢物：2010–2019

Diaporthe属及其无性拟茎点霉分布在世界各地的许多生态系统中。它们被认为是生产多种生物活性代谢物的潜在来源。大多数物种归因于陆地寄主植物中的植物病原体、非致病性内生菌或腐生菌。它们定植于植物的早期寄生组织中，在寄生和腐生的循环中提供多种养分，参与植物的基本代谢过程。在过去的十年中，许多研究集中在该属新物种和生物次生代谢产物的发现上。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 2010 年至 2019 年期间从 26 个已知物种和各种未鉴定的Diaporthe和Phomopsis物种中分离出的总共 335 种生物活性次生代谢物。总体而言，有 106 种生物活性化合物源自Diaporthe，246 种源自拟茎点霉，而两者中均发现了 17 种化合物。它们分为聚酮化合物、萜类化合物、类固醇、大环内酯类、十元内酯、生物碱、黄酮类和脂肪酸。聚酮化合物是主要的化学族群，占64%。同时，其生物活性主要涉及细胞毒、抗真菌、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗炎、抗藻、植物毒性和酶抑制活性。Diaporthe和拟茎点霉在发现候选药物小分子方面展现出强大的才能。