The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is not only a threat to physical health but is also having severe impacts on mental health. Although increases in stress-related symptomatology and other adverse psycho-social outcomes, as well as their most important risk factors have been described, hardly anything is known about potential protective factors. Resilience refers to the maintenance of mental health despite adversity. To gain mechanistic insights about the relationship between described psycho-social resilience factors and resilience specifically in the current crisis, we assessed resilience factors, exposure to Corona crisis-specific and general stressors, as well as internalizing symptoms in a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 24 languages during the most intense phase of the lockdown in Europe (22 March to 19 April) in a convenience sample of N = 15,970 adults. Resilience, as an outcome, was conceptualized as good mental health despite stressor exposure and measured as the inverse residual between actual and predicted symptom total score. Preregistered hypotheses (osf.io/r6btn) were tested with multiple regression models and mediation analyses. Results confirmed our primary hypothesis that positive appraisal style (PAS) is positively associated with resilience (p < 0.0001). The resilience factor PAS also partly mediated the positive association between perceived social support and resilience, and its association with resilience was in turn partly mediated by the ability to easily recover from stress (both p < 0.0001). In comparison with other resilience factors, good stress response recovery and positive appraisal specifically of the consequences of the Corona crisis were the strongest factors. Preregistered exploratory subgroup analyses (osf.io/thka9) showed that all tested resilience factors generalize across major socio-demographic categories. This research identifies modifiable protective factors that can be targeted by public mental health efforts in this and in future pandemics.

SARS-CoV-2大流行不仅威胁身体健康，而且对心理健康也产生严重影响。尽管已经描述了与压力有关的症状和其他不良心理社会后果的增加，以及它们最重要的危险因素，但对潜在的保护因素知之甚少。复原力是指在逆境中保持精神健康。为了获得有关所描述的心理社会适应力因素与当前危机中的适应力之间关系的机械性见解，我们在进行的横断面在线调查中评估了适应力因素，暴露于特定电晕和一般压力源的压力以及症状的内在化在欧洲最紧迫的锁定阶段（3月22日至4月19日）以24种语言提供了便利N  = 15970名成人。结果，尽管有压力暴露，但复原力被概念化为良好的心理健康，并以实际和预期症状总分之间的负余数来衡量。使用多个回归模型和中介分析测试了预先注册的假设（osf.io/r6btn）。结果证实了我们的主要假设，即积极的评估方式（PAS）与适应力成正相关（p  <0.0001）。该弹性系数也PAS部分中介社会支持和弹性之间的正相关性，以及其与弹性协会是反过来部分由能力介导轻松地从压力中恢复（均为p <0.0001）。与其他弹性因素相比，良好的压力反应恢复能力以及对电晕危机后果的积极评估尤其是最重要的因素。预注册的探索性亚组分析（osf.io/thka9）显示，所有测试的复原力因素普遍适用于主要的社会人口统计类别。这项研究确定了可改变的保护因素，在这种流行病以及将来的大流行中，公共精神卫生工作可以将这些改变作为目标。