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Proxy control
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s11049-020-09501-y
Aaron Doliana , Sandhya Sundaresan

The control dependency in grammar is conventionally distinguished into two classes: exhaustive ( i → i ) and non-exhaustive ( i → i + ( j )). Here, we show that, in languages like German and Italian, some speakers allow a new kind of “proxy control” which differs from both, such that, for a controller i , and a controllee j , j = proxy ( i ). The proxy function picks out a set of individuals that is discourse-pragmatically related to i . For such speakers, the German/Italian proxy control equivalent of the sentence: “Maria i asked Bill j (for permission) [ pro p r o x y ( i ) $_{proxy(i)}$ to leave work early]” would thus mean that Maria asked Bill for permission for some salient set of individuals related to herself to leave early. We examine the theoretical and empirical properties of this new control relation in detail, showing that it is irreducible to other, more familiar referential dependencies. Using standard empirical diagnostics, we then illustrate that proxy control can be instantiated both as a species of obligatory control ( oc ) and non-obligatory control ( noc ) in German and Italian and develop a syntactic and semantic model that derives each and details the factors conditioning the choice between the two. We also investigate the factors that condition different degrees of exhaustiveness (exhaustive vs. partial vs. proxy) in control, which then sheds light on why proxy control obtains in some languages, but not others and, within a language, is possible for some speakers but not others.

中文翻译:

代理控制

语法中的控制依赖通常分为两类:穷举( i → i )和非穷举( i → i + ( j ))。在这里,我们表明,在德语和意大利语等语言中,一些说话者允许一种新的“代理控制”,它不同于两者,例如,对于控制器 i 和被控方 j , j = 代理( i )。代理函数挑选出一组在语用上与 i 相关的个体。对于这些发言者,德语/意大利语代理控制等价于以下句子:“Maria i ask Bill j (for permit) [ pro proxy ( i ) $_{proxy(i)}$ 早点下班]”因此意味着玛丽亚请求比尔允许一些与她有关的重要人物提前离开。我们详细研究了这种新控制关系的理论和经验特性,表明它不可简化为其他更熟悉的引用依赖项。然后使用标准的经验诊断,我们说明代理控制可以在德语和意大利语中被实例化为强制控制 ( oc ) 和非强制控制 ( noc ) 的种类,并开发一个句法和语义模型,派生出每一种并详细说明因素调节两者之间的选择。我们还研究了影响控制中不同程度详尽程度(详尽与部分与代理)的因素,然后阐明了为什么代理控制在某些语言中获得,而在其他语言中却没有,并且在一种语言中,对于某些说话者来说是可能的但不是其他人。然后,我们说明代理控制在德语和意大利语中可以被实例化为一种强制性控制( oc )和非强制性控制( noc ),并开发了一个句法和语义模型,该模型可以推导出每一种并详细说明制约两者之间选择的因素。二。我们还研究了影响控制中不同程度详尽程度(详尽与部分与代理)的因素,然后阐明了为什么代理控制在某些语言中获得,而在其他语言中却没有,并且在一种语言中,对于某些说话者来说是可能的但不是其他人。然后,我们说明代理控制在德语和意大利语中可以被实例化为一种强制性控制( oc )和非强制性控制( noc ),并开发了一个句法和语义模型,该模型可以推导出每一种并详细说明制约两者之间选择的因素。二。我们还研究了影响控制中不同程度详尽程度(详尽与部分与代理)的因素,然后阐明了为什么代理控制在某些语言中获得,而在其他语言中却没有,并且在一种语言中,对于某些说话者来说是可能的但不是其他人。
更新日期:2021-01-21
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