Substantial global effort has been devoted to curtailing the tobacco epidemic over the past two decades, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control¹ by the World Health Organization in 2003. In 2015, in recognition of the burden resulting from tobacco use, strengthened tobacco control was included as a global development target in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development². Here we show that comprehensive tobacco control policies—including smoking bans, health warnings, advertising bans and tobacco taxes—are effective in reducing smoking prevalence; amplified positive effects are seen when these policies are implemented simultaneously within a given country. We find that if all 155 countries included in our counterfactual analysis had adopted smoking bans, health warnings and advertising bans at the strictest level and raised cigarette prices to at least 7.73 international dollars in 2009, there would have been about 100 million fewer smokers in the world in 2017. These findings highlight the urgent need for countries to move toward an accelerated implementation of a set of strong tobacco control practices, thus curbing the burden of smoking-attributable diseases and deaths.

过去二十年来，全球为遏制烟草流行做出了大量努力，特别是在世界卫生组织于 2003 年通过《烟草控制框架公约^》1之后。2015 年，认识到烟草使用造成的负担，加强烟草控制被列为2030年可持续发展议程²的全球发展目标。在这里，我们表明，全面的烟草控制政策——包括禁烟令、健康警语、广告禁令和烟草税——可以有效降低吸烟率；当这些政策在某个国家同时实施时，会产生更大的积极影响。我们发现，如果纳入我们反事实分析的所有 155 个国家都采取最严格的禁烟令、健康警语和广告禁令，并将卷烟价格在 2009 年提高到至少 7.73 国际美元，那么该地区的吸烟者数量将减少约 1 亿。 2017 年的世界。这些发现强调各国迫切需要加速实施一套强有力的烟草控制措施，从而减轻吸烟引起的疾病和死亡的负担。