ABSTRACT

Metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue plays a major role in obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been recorded to regulate metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue. However, their specific mechanism is not yet known. This review aims to present the role of Treg cells and other immune cells in obesity-associated IR, focusing on the balance of numbers and functions of Treg cells and other immune cells as well as the crucial role of their interactions in maintaining adipose tissue homoeostasis. Th1 cells, Th17 cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and pro-inflammatory macrophages mediate the occurrence of obesity and IR by antagonizing Treg cells, while anti-inflammatory dendritic cells, eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells. γ δ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have complex effects on Treg cells, and their roles in obesity-associated IR are controversial. The balance of Treg cells and other immune cells can help maintain the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue. Further research needs to explore more specific molecular mechanisms, thus providing more precise directions for the treatment of obesity with IR.

摘要

脂肪组织中的代谢稳态在肥胖相关的胰岛素抵抗 (IR) 中起主要作用。已记录调节性 T (Treg) 细胞可调节脂肪组织中的代谢稳态。然而，它们的具体机制尚不清楚。本综述旨在介绍 Treg 细胞和其他免疫细胞在肥胖相关 IR 中的作用，重点关注 Treg 细胞和其他免疫细胞的数量和功能的平衡，以及它们的相互作用在维持脂肪组织稳态中的关键作用。Th1 细胞、Th17 细胞、CD8 ⁺T细胞和促炎巨噬细胞通过拮抗Treg细胞介导肥胖和IR的发生，而抗炎树突细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和2型先天淋巴细胞（ILC2s）通过促进增殖和分化来调节脂肪组织的代谢稳态Treg 细胞。γ δ T 细胞和不变自然杀伤 T (iNKT) 细胞对 Treg 细胞具有复杂的影响，它们在肥胖相关 IR 中的作用存在争议。Treg 细胞和其他免疫细胞的平衡有助于维持脂肪组织的代谢稳态。进一步的研究需要探索更具体的分子机制，从而为IR治疗肥胖提供更精确的方向。