ABSTRACT: The Peruvian anchoveta Engraulis ringens is one of the most important commercial fishes along the Humboldt Current. Previous studies have shown that egg quality (volume, protein and lipid content) and hatching rates decrease during the spawning season, from the rainy winter to late spring. In this study, we assessed whether changes in atmospheric condition that led to an intense drought over a decade modified the freshwater river fluxes and seawater salinity at an E. ringens coastal spawning zone off central Chile (36° 30’ S), and determined if changes in salinity affect the hatching-gene expression, hatching-enzyme expression, and hatching success in eggs incubated at a range of salinities (27-35 psu) normally occurring during the reproductive season. Results showed that hatching-enzyme expression increased as the embryo developed. The highest expression of the hatching-enzyme gene and of the enzyme itself, along with hatching success were obtained at the lowest incubating salinity (27 psu). In the field, hatching success decreased from late winter to late spring, the start of the upwelling period at the end of the reproductive season. Thus, variations in salinity of the seawater during the spawning period are coincident with changes in gene expression of the hatching enzyme, the hatching enzyme expression, and hatching success. Spawning late in winter when rainfall is higher and seawater salinity in the coastal area is lower may increase hatching success, a reproductive strategy that might be affected by the observed climate changes and severe drought in central Chile.

中文翻译：

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盐度变化对En鱼卵孵化，孵化基因表达和孵化酶表达的影响

摘要：秘鲁an鱼（Enchoulis ringens）是洪堡河沿岸最重要的商业鱼类之一。先前的研究表明，在产卵季节（从雨冬到春末），卵的质量（数量，蛋白质和脂质含量）和孵化率下降。在这项研究中，我们评估了导致十年来严重干旱的大气条件变化是否改变了林蛙的淡水河通量和海水盐度。智利中部（36°30'S）附近的沿海产卵区，并确定盐度的变化是否会影响通常在一定盐度（27-35 psu）下孵化的卵中的孵化基因表达，孵化酶表达和孵化成功率发生在生殖季节。结果表明，孵化酶表达随着胚胎的发育而增加。孵化酶基因和酶本身的最高表达以及孵化成功率均在最低孵化盐度（27 psu）下获得。在田间，从冬末到春末，即繁殖季节结束时上升期的开始，孵化成功率下降。因此，产卵期海水盐度的变化与孵化酶的基因表达，孵化酶的表达，和孵化成功。冬季后期产卵时降雨较高，而沿海地区的海水盐分较低，可能会提高孵化成功率，这种繁殖策略可能会受到智利中部观测到的气候变化和严重干旱的影响。