• Environmentally induced changes in the epigenome help individuals to quickly adapt to fluctuations in the conditions of their habitats.
• We explored those changes in Arabidopsis thaliana plants subjected to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, and identified transposable element (TE) activation in plants infested with the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. We performed a genome‐wide analysis mRNA expression, small RNA accumulation and DNA methylation
• Our results demonstrate that aphid feeding induces loss of methylation of hundreds of loci, mainly TEs. This loss of methylation has the potential to regulate gene expression and we found evidence that it is involved in the control of plant immunity genes. Accordingly, mutant plants deficient in DNA and H3K9 methylation (kyp) showed increased resistance to M. persicae infestation.
• Collectively, our results show that changes in DNA methylation play a significant role in the regulation of the plant transcriptional response and induction of defense response against aphid feeding.

中文翻译：

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蚜虫摄食诱导了拟南芥表观遗传控制的放松和防御反应的相关调节

• 表观基因组的环境诱导变化有助于个体快速适应其栖息地条件的波动。
• 我们探索了经受多种生物和非生物胁迫的拟南芥植物中的那些变化，并确定了在感染了桃蚜，桃蚜的植物中的转座因子（TE）活化。我们进行了全基因组分析mRNA表达，小RNA积累和DNA甲基化
• 我们的结果表明，蚜虫摄食会导致数百个基因座（主要是TEs）的甲基化损失。甲基化的丧失具有调节基因表达的潜力，我们发现证据表明其参与植物免疫基因的控制。因此，DNA和H3K9甲基化（kyp）不足的突变植株对桃蚜的侵染表现出更高的抗性。
• 总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，DNA甲基化的变化在调节植物转录反应和诱导对蚜虫摄食的防御反应中起着重要作用。