The coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has spread across the world and is responsible for over 1,686,267 deaths worldwide. Co‐infection with influenza A virus (IFV‐A) during the upcoming flu season may complicate diagnosis and treatment of COVID‐19. Little is known about epidemiology and outcomes of co‐infection. Data for 213 COVID‐19 patients treated at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 28, 2020 to March 24, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety‐seven of the patients (45.5%) tested positive for anti‐ IFV‐A immunoglobulin M antibodies. The clinical characteristics were described and analyzed for patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection only and patients with SARS‐CoV‐2/IFV‐A co‐infection. Patients with co‐infection showed similar patterns of symptoms and clinical outcomes to patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection only. However, an increased expression of serum cytokines (interleukin‐2R [IL‐2R], IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) and cardiac troponin I, and higher incidence of lymphadenopathy were observed in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection only. Male patients and patients aged less than 60 years in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection group also had significantly higher computed tomography scores than patients in co‐infection group, indicating that co‐infection with IFV‐A had no effect on the disease outcome but alleviated inflammation in certain populations of COVID‐19 patients. The study will provide a reference for diagnosing and treating IFV‐A and SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐infection cases in the upcoming flu season.

中文翻译：

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甲型流感病毒和 SARS-CoV-2 的共同感染：一项回顾性队列研究

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 年冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 大流行已在世界范围内蔓延，导致全球超过 1,686,267 人死亡。在即将到来的流感季节同时感染甲型流感病毒 (IFV-A) 可能会使 COVID-19 的诊断和治疗复杂化。关于合并感染的流行病学和结果知之甚少。回顾性分析了2020年1月28日至2020年3月24日在武汉同济医院收治的213例COVID-19患者的数据。97 名患者 (45.5%) 的抗 IFV-A 免疫球蛋白 M 抗体检测呈阳性。对仅感染 SARS-CoV-2 的患者和同时感染 SARS-CoV-2/IFV-A 的患者的临床特征进行了描述和分析。合并感染的患者表现出与仅感染 SARS-CoV-2 的患者相似的症状和临床结果。然而，在 SARS 患者中观察到血清细胞因子（白细胞介素-2R [IL-2R]、IL-6、IL-8 和肿瘤坏死因子-α）和心肌肌钙蛋白 I 的表达增加，淋巴结病的发生率增加。仅限 CoV-2 感染。SARS-CoV-2 感染组的男性患者和年龄小于 60 岁的患者的计算机断层扫描评分也显着高于合并感染组的患者，这表明合并感染 IFV-A 对疾病结果没有影响，但减轻某些 COVID-19 患者群体的炎症。该研究将为即将到来的流感季节诊断和治疗IFV-A和SARS-CoV-2合并感染病例提供参考。