Furfural (FFR) is one of the most important biomass-derived chemicals. Its large-scale availability calls for the exploration of new transformation methods for further valorization. Herein, we demonstrate that Ru nanoparticles (Ru NPs)-supported on a sulfonated carbon layer coated SBA-15 can be employed as an efficient bi-functional catalyst for one step conversion of FFR into 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PeDO). The optimum bi-functional catalyst can afford the full the conversion of FFR and 86% selectivity to 1,4-PeDO. The catalysts have been characterized thoroughly by using a complementary combination of powder X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization revealed that acidic groups (–SO3H) have been introduced on the surface of the carbon layer coated SBA-15 support after sulfonation with 98% H2SO4 and the surface acidity can be tuned facilely by the sulfonating time. Meantime, Ru(0) sites was highly dispersed via an impregnation and sequential reduction and directly adjacent to the surface –SO3H group. There existed an electronic interaction between Ru(0) sites and sulfonic groups, in which the electronic transfer from sulfonic sites to Ru(0) sites occurred. Brönsted acid sites (–SO3H) have a significant influence on the FFR conversion and the selectivity to 1,4-PeDO. The ordered mesoporous structure, the appropriate density of acid sites and the electron-rich Ru(0) sites accounted for the the excellent performance of the catalyst for an efficient production of 1,4-PeDO from FFR.

中文翻译：

---

磺化碳层上的 Ru 纳米颗粒涂覆 SBA-15，用于催化氢化糠醛成 1, 4-戊二醇

糠醛（FFR）是最重要的生物质衍生化学品之一。其大规模可用性要求探索新的转换方法以进一步增值。在此，我们证明了负载在 SBA-15 磺化碳层上的 Ru 纳米粒子 (Ru NPs) 可用作有效的双功能催化剂，用于将 FFR 一步转化为 1,4-戊二醇（1,4-PeDO ）。最佳的双功能催化剂可以提供 FFR 的完全转化和 86% 的 1,4-PeDO 选择性。通过使用粉末 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附-解吸、扫描/透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、元素分析和 X 射线光电子能谱的互补组合，对催化剂进行了彻底的表征。表征表明，在用 98% H2SO4 磺化后，在碳层涂覆的 SBA-15 载体表面引入了酸性基团（-SO3H），并且表面酸度可以通过磺化时间轻松调节。同时，Ru(0) 位点通过浸渍和顺序还原高度分散，并直接与表面 –SO3H 基团相邻。Ru(0)位点与磺酸基之间存在电子相互作用，其中发生了从磺酸位点到Ru(0)位点的电子转移。布朗斯台德酸位点 (–SO3H) 对 FFR 转化率和对 1,4-PeDO 的选择性有显着影响。有序的介孔结构、适当密度的酸位和富含电子的 Ru(0) 位是催化剂高效生产 1,