Somatic embryogenesis is an important and wonderful biotechnological tool used to develop whole plant from a single or a group of somatic cells. The differentiated somatic cells become totipotent stem cells by drastic reprogramming of a wide range of cellular activities, leading to the acquisition of embryogenic competence. After acquiring competence, the cells pass through globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary stages of embryo; however, all advanced embryos do not convert into full plant, produce adventive embryos or callus instead, thus reverses the programming. This is a big limitation in propagation of many plants. Understanding and unraveling the proteins at this ‘embryo to plantlet’ transition stage will help to get more numbers of plants. Thus, our study was aimed at an identification of differentially abundant proteins between two important advanced stages, i.e. cotyledonary—(T1) and maturation stage (T2) of somatic embryos in Catharanthus roseus. A total of 2949 and 3030 proteins were identified in cotyledonary and maturation stage, respectively. Of these, 1129 proteins were common to both. Several proteins were found to be differentially accumulated in two different embryo stages in which over 60 proteins were most accumulated during somatic embryo maturation time. More chlorophyll accumulation was noted at this time under the influence of gibberellic acid (GA₃). Proteins like Mg-protoporphyrin IX chelatase, chlorophyll a–b-binding protein, photosystem I iron-sulfur center, photosystem II Psb, photosystem II subunit P-1, P-II domain-containing protein, RuBisCO large chain, RuBisCO small chain, RuBisCO activase, RuBisCO large subunit-binding proteins were synthesized. Some of the identified proteins are linked to chlorophyll synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and stress. The identified proteins are categorized into different groups on the basis of their cellular location, role and other metabolic processes. Biochemical attributes like protein, sugar, proline, antioxidant enzyme (APX, SOD and CAT) activities were high in T2 as compared to T1. The proteins like peroxidases, pathogenesis-related proteins, the late-embryogenesis abundant proteins, argonaute, germin and others have been discussed in C. roseus somatic embryo maturation process.

体细胞胚胎发生是一种重要而奇妙的生物技术工具，用于从单个或一组体细胞发育出整个植物。分化的体细胞通过对多种细胞活动的剧烈重编程而成为全能干细胞，从而获得胚胎发生能力。获得能力后，细胞经历胚胎的球状期、心脏期、鱼雷期和子叶期；然而，所有高级胚胎都不会转化为完整的植物，而是产生不定胚或愈伤组织，从而逆转了编程。这是许多植物繁殖的一大限制。了解并解开这个“胚胎到幼苗”过渡阶段的蛋白质将有助于获得更多数量的植物。因此，我们的研究旨在鉴定长春花体细胞胚两个重要晚期阶段（即子叶阶段（T1）和成熟阶段（T2））之间差异丰富的蛋白质。子叶期和成熟期分别鉴定出 2949 个和 3030 个蛋白质。其中，1129 个蛋白质是两者共有的。发现几种蛋白质在两个不同的胚胎阶段有差异地积累，其中超过60种蛋白质在体细胞胚胎成熟期间积累最多。此时在赤霉酸（GA ₃ ）的影响下注意到更多的叶绿素积累。蛋白质，如镁原卟啉 IX 螯合酶、叶绿素 a-b 结合蛋白、光系统 I 铁硫中心、光系统 II Psb、光系统 II 亚基 P-1、含 P-II 结构域的蛋白质、RuBisCO 大链、RuBisCO 小链、合成了RuBisCO激活酶、RuBisCO大亚基结合蛋白。 一些已识别的蛋白质与叶绿素合成、碳水化合物代谢和应激有关。已鉴定的蛋白质根据其细胞位置、作用和其他代谢过程分为不同的组。与 T1 相比，T2 中的蛋白质、糖、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶（APX、SOD 和 CAT）活性等生化属性较高。过氧化物酶、发病相关蛋白、胚胎发生晚期丰富蛋白、argonaute、germin等蛋白质在玫瑰花体细胞胚胎成熟过程中已被讨论。