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The effect of optic flow cues on honeybee flight control in wind
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.3051
Emily Baird 1 , Norbert Boeddeker 2 , Mandyam V Srinivasan 3
Affiliation  

To minimize the risk of colliding with the ground or other obstacles, flying animals need to control both their ground speed and ground height. This task is particularly challenging in wind, where head winds require an animal to increase its airspeed to maintain a constant ground speed and tail winds may generate negative airspeeds, rendering flight more difficult to control. In this study, we investigate how head and tail winds affect flight control in the honeybee Apis mellifera, which is known to rely on the pattern of visual motion generated across the eye—known as optic flow—to maintain constant ground speeds and heights. We find that, when provided with both longitudinal and transverse optic flow cues (in or perpendicular to the direction of flight, respectively), honeybees maintain a constant ground speed but fly lower in head winds and higher in tail winds, a response that is also observed when longitudinal optic flow cues are minimized. When the transverse component of optic flow is minimized, or when all optic flow cues are minimized, the effect of wind on ground height is abolished. We propose that the regular sidewards oscillations that the bees make as they fly may be used to extract information about the distance to the ground, independently of the longitudinal optic flow that they use for ground speed control. This computationally simple strategy could have potential uses in the development of lightweight and robust systems for guiding autonomous flying vehicles in natural environments.

中文翻译:

光流线索对风中蜜蜂飞行控制的影响

为了尽量减少与地面或其他障碍物碰撞的风险,飞行动物需要控制它们的地面速度和地面高度。这项任务在风中尤其具有挑战性,因为逆风需要动物提高其空速以保持恒定的地速,而顺风可能会产生负空速,从而使飞行更难以控制。在这项研究中,我们研究了头风和尾风如何影响蜜蜂 Apis mellifera 的飞行控制,众所周知,蜜蜂依赖于通过眼睛产生的视觉运动模式(称为光流)来保持恒定的地面速度和高度。我们发现,当同时提供纵向和横向光流线索(分别在或垂直于飞行方向)时,蜜蜂保持恒定的地面速度,但在逆风中飞得更低,在顺风中飞得更高,当纵向光流线索最小化时也会观察到这种反应。当光流的横向分量最小化时,或者当所有光流线索最小化时,风对地面高度的影响就被消除了。我们建议蜜蜂在飞行时产生的规则侧向振荡可用于提取有关到地面的距离的信息,而与它们用于地面速度控制的纵向光流无关。这种计算简单的策略可能在开发用于在自然环境中引导自主飞行器的轻量级和强大的系统方面具有潜在用途。当光流的横向分量最小化时,或者当所有光流线索最小化时,风对地面高度的影响就被消除了。我们建议蜜蜂在飞行时产生的规则侧向振荡可用于提取有关到地面的距离的信息,而与它们用于地面速度控制的纵向光流无关。这种计算简单的策略可能在开发用于在自然环境中引导自主飞行器的轻量级和强大的系统方面具有潜在用途。当光流的横向分量最小化时,或者当所有光流线索最小化时,风对地面高度的影响就被消除了。我们建议蜜蜂在飞行时产生的规则侧向振荡可用于提取有关到地面的距离的信息,而与它们用于地面速度控制的纵向光流无关。这种计算简单的策略可能在开发用于在自然环境中引导自主飞行器的轻量级和强大的系统方面具有潜在用途。与他们用于地速控制的纵向光流无关。这种计算简单的策略可能在开发用于在自然环境中引导自主飞行器的轻量级和强大的系统方面具有潜在用途。与他们用于地速控制的纵向光流无关。这种计算简单的策略可能在开发用于在自然环境中引导自主飞行器的轻量级和强大的系统方面具有潜在用途。
更新日期:2021-01-20
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